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EES 4860 Midterm Exam Study Guide Solutions

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EES 4860 Midterm Exam Study Guide Solutions sustainability - Ans:-the possibility that human and other forms of life will flourish on the planet forever, integrating social, environment, and economic aspects hitchhiker resources - Ans:-may be either diminshed or enhance by a change in the produc...

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  • October 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • 2024/2025
  • 2024/2025
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EES 4860 Midterm Exam Study Guide Solutions



sustainability - Ans:✔✔-the possibility that human and other forms of life will flourish on the planet

forever, integrating social, environment, and economic aspects


hitchhiker resources - Ans:✔✔-may be either diminshed or enhance by a change in the production of

some other commodity


cradle-to-grave - Ans:✔✔-a study (LCA) looking at all of the life cycle phases (all 8: raw materials,

materials processing, manufacture, transportation, installation, operation, maintenance, end-of-life)


cradle-to-gate - Ans:✔✔-an LCA study that examines the material extracting, per-manufacture,

manufacture and some transportation for a water bottle would be considered

________________________


gate-to-gate - Ans:✔✔-an LCA study that only looks at the life cycle phases of one to another (i.e. raw

materials to materials processing or pre-manufacture to manufactur)


inventory - Ans:✔✔-creating a list of flows from and to nature for a product system


interpretation - Ans:✔✔-a systematic technique to identify, quantify, check, and evaluate information to

produce a set of conclusions and recommendations for the study




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scope - Ans:✔✔-defines LCA purpose expected product, boundary conditions, functinoal unit and

assumptions


system expansion - Ans:✔✔-some solutions to multiple product systems are partioning,

______________, and sub-division


functional unit - Ans:✔✔-a reference flow to which all other modeled flows of the system are related


economic - Ans:✔✔-the least favorable partioning method according to ISO 14044


allocation - Ans:✔✔-apportioning the input or output flows of a unit process to the product system

under focus


strong model - Ans:✔✔-has 3 pillars of sustainability (economy, society, and environment) and each

pillar is part of a hierarchy in which environment should predominate, and then society, and then

economy at the very bottom of the totem pole in order to obtain sustainability


weak model - Ans:✔✔-has 3 pillars of sustainability (economy, society, and environment) and says that

each pillar may be sustained separately


daly rules - Ans:✔✔-states three things:


1. renewable resources (fish, soil, gw) must be used no faster than the rate at which they regenerate




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2. nonrenewable resources such as minerals and fossil fuels must be used no faster than renewable

substitutes for them can be put into place


3. pollution and wastes must be emitted no faster than natural systems can absorb them, recycle them,

or render them harmless


natural step framework - Ans:✔✔-states that in a sustainable society, nature is not subject to

systematically increasing:


1. concentrations of substances extracted from the earth's crust


2. concentrations of substances produced by society


3. degradation by physical means


4. and, in that society, people are not subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity

to meet their needs


ecological footprint - Ans:✔✔-the measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems


five capitals model - Ans:✔✔-states that "by maintaining and trying to increase stocks of these capital

assets, we can live off the income without reducing the capital itself"


the 5 capitals are: manufactured capital, financial capital, social capital, human capital, and natural

capital




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