Exam (elaborations)
Maryville NURS 611 Exam 3 questions with correct answers.
- Course
- NURS 612
- Institution
- Maryville College
Maryville NURS 611 Exam 3 questions with correct answers.
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Maryville NURS 611 Exam 3 questions with correctanswers
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? Correct Answer-
Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid
hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate.
This is an example of: Correct Answer-Negative feedback. Feedback
systems provide precise monitoring and control of the cellular
environment. Negative feedback occurs because the changing chemical,
neural, or endocrine response to a stimulus negates the initiating change
that triggered the release of the hormone.
Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located: Correct Answer-Inside the
plasma membrane in the cytoplasm.
The releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the
anterior pituitary via the: Correct Answer-Portal hypophyseal blood
vessels.
Which mineral is needed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to
stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormone (TH)? Correct Answer-
Iodide.
What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? Correct
Answer-Decreases serum calcium.
,Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell? Correct Answer-
Potassium.
Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a β-
adrenergic receptor? Correct Answer-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP). Second-messenger molecules are the initial link between the
first signal (hormone) and the inside of the cell. For example, the
binding of epinephrine to a β adrenergic-receptor subtype activates
(through a stimulatory G protein) the enzyme, adenylyl cyclase.
Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) to the second messenger, 3', and 5'-cAMP.
Regulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is
an example of which type of regulation? Correct Answer-Neural. The
release of hormones occurs either in response to an alteration in the
cellular environment or in the process of maintaining a regulated level of
certain hormones or certain substances. Several different mechanisms,
one of which is neural control (e.g., stress-induced release of
catecholamines from the adrenal medulla), regulate the release of
hormones.
Which hormone does the second messenger calcium (Ca++) bind to
activate phospholipase C through a G protein? Correct Answer-
Angiotensin II. Ca++ is considered an important second messenger that
facilitates the binding of a hormone (e.g., norepinephrine, angiotensin II)
to a surface receptor, activating the enzyme phospholipase C through a
G protein inside the plasma membrane.
,The control of calcium in cells is important because it: Correct Answer-
Acts as a second messenger. In addition to being an important ion that
participates in a multitude of cellular actions, Ca++ is considered an
important second messenger.
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it
act? Correct Answer-Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells. Once
synthesized in the hypothalamus, ADH acts on the vasopressin 2 (V2)
receptors of the renal duct cells to increase their permeability.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal
imbalance? Correct Answer-Excessive hormone production results from
a failure to turn off the system. Negative- feedback systems are
important in maintaining hormones within physiologic ranges. The lack
of negative-feedback inhibition on hormonal release often results in
pathologic conditions. Excessive hormone production, which is the
result of the failure to turn off the system, can cause various hormonal
imbalances and related conditions.
A deficiency of which chemical may result in hypothyroidism? Correct
Answer-Iodine. The only cause of hypothyroidism from among the
provided options is a deficiency of endemic iodine.
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer-The overall effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)is to
increase serum calcium and to decrease serum phosphate concentration.
, Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?
Correct Answer-Hypothyroidism. If the tumor exerts sufficient pressure,
then thyroid and adrenal hypofunction may occur because of lack of
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH). These result in the symptoms of hypothyroidism and
hypocortisolism.
Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone? Correct Answer-
Insulin. Peptide or protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary,
hypothalamic, and parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate in free
(unbound) forms.
Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone? Correct Answer-
Cortisol. Cortisol and adrenal androgens are lipid-soluble hormones and
are primarily bound to a carrier or transport protein in circulation.
Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are:
Correct Answer-Free in an unbound, water-soluble form. Peptide or
protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary, hypothalamic, and
parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate in free (unbound) forms.
When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose
uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type
of effect by a hormone? Correct Answer-Direct. Direct effects are the
obvious changes in cell function that specifically result from the
stimulation by a particular hormone.
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