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Psychology 1010 Univ. of Toledo Exam 1 questions and answers.
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Psychology 1010 Univ. of Toledo Exam 1 questions and answers.
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Psychology 1010 Univ.of Toledo Exam 1
questions and answers
Hypothesis vs. Scientific Theory - answer -A hypothesis is a specific
prediction based on a theory, which can be tested
-A scientific Theory is a body of facts that have been repeatedly
confirmed through observation and experiment
Pseudoscience & example - answer - a set of claims that seem
scientific but aren't, lacks the safe guards against confirmation bias
and belief perseverance that characterizes science
Exaggerated claims - answer "Three simple steps will change your
love life forever!"
Over reliance on anecdotes - answer "This woman practiced yoga
daily for three weeks and hasn't had a day of depression since"
Lack of self-correction - answer - "although most scientists say that
we use almost all our brains, we've found a way to harness
additional brain power previously undiscovered"
Ad Hoc immunizing hypotheses - answer Escape hatches to protect
against falsification, usually a loophole or exception for negative
findings
ie- "the psychic who claimed to predict the future failed all
controlled experiments because the experimenters inhibited
extrasensory powers"
, Scientific skepticism - answer evaluating claims with an open mind
but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting them
rule of rival hypothesis - answer - have important alternate
explanations for the finding being considered
- influences aren't interrelated
Falsifiability - answer - for a claim to be meaningful, it must be
capable of being disproved
Correlation does not equal causation - answer - assuming because
one thing is associated with another, it must cause it
Replicability - answer - if results can't be duplicated, it must be
capable of being disproved
extraordinary claims - answer - the more a claim contradicts what
we already know, the more persuasive the evidence must be
Occams Razor - answer Simpler explanations are more likely to be
true than complex ones.
Structuralism - answer - showed that aspects of human psychology
lie outside of conscious awareness
functionalism - answer - hoped to understand the adaptive
purposes of thought and behavior
Behaviorism - answer - study of consciousness is a waste of time
because it can never experimentally verified
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