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HPEX 353 - Chapter 5 Cancer questions with correct answers
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HPEX 353 - Chapter 5 Cancer questions with correct answers
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HPEX 353 - Chapter 5 Cancer questionswith correct answers
Metastasis - correct answer ✔✔Movement of bacteria or body cells, especially cancer cells, from one
part of the body to the other, typically by way of the circulatory system
Anaplastic - correct answer ✔✔has lost its cell definition and function
Hyperplasia - correct answer ✔✔Over proliferation of normal cells within a normal tissue structure
Dysplasia - correct answer ✔✔Alteration in size, shape, and organization of mature cells
Carcinoma in situ - correct answer ✔✔Malignant cell changes in the epithelial tissue that do not extend
beyond the basement membrane; "cancer in place"
Carcinogen - correct answer ✔✔Any substance or agent that can produce cancer
-carcinogens include many kinds of chemicals and certain kinds of high-frequency radiation such as
ultraviolet and ionizing radiation that damage the DNA
ETIOLOGY OF CANCER - correct answer ✔✔- Research indicates that all cancers arise because of complex
alterations in DNA that result in unrestrained cellular proliferation
- Generally, there is a progressive evolution of cancer cells through different states - hyperplasia,
dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and carcinomas that metastasize.
OTHER FACTORS THAT CAN INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER - correct answer ✔✔- AGE: many
cancers are more common as a person ages because cell mutations often take a long time to develop
into cancer cells. (55% of cancers are diagnosed after age 65)
, -GENETICS: a person may be born with genetic mutations or have less ability to prevent the cells from
mutating into cancer.
-IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE: Individuals with depresses immune systems are more likely to have
cancer. Cancers related to immune system dysfunction are: (caused by viruses such as those seen in
cervical, liver, and stomach cancers and cancers of the genital or anal area AND lymphomas which can
result of chronic infections or transplanted organs)
-BODY WEIGHT & DIET: obesity puts an individual at higher risk. Alcohol abuse = liver, rectal, and breast
cancers
-EXERCISE & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: decrease incidence of breast and colorectal cancer
-ENVIRONMENT: tobacco smoke (second hand), sun rays, natural and man-made radiation, asbestos, and
workplace hazards. Asbestos = mesothelioma, lung cancer, and cancers of the larynx and kidneys.
-VIRUSES: can alter the cells' genetic makeup. includes HPV, HEP B, HEP C, EBV, HIV
Chronic HEP B & C = Liver cancer
EBV = Lymphoma
HPV = Cervical cancers
-BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: Chronic infections are related to about 20% of cancers. Some kinds of digestive
bacteria can increase the risk of both stomach and bowel cancer
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CANCERS (Carcinomas) - correct answer ✔✔-Largest group
-Solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces
-Found in the breast, colon, liver, lung, prostate, and stomach
-OMA = Benign -CARCINOMA = Malignant
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CANCERS (Sarcomas) - correct answer ✔✔-Less common
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