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Functional Performance in Older Adults 4th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 1: Growing Old in Today’s World
1. Cohort effects refer to:
a. The number of friends and coworkers an older adult has
b. Camaraderie among younger and older family members
c. Shared experiences of a particular generation of older adults
d. Number of peer-to-peer interactions using a sociogram
ANS: C
2. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for increased
longevity in modern times?
a. Improved medical care
b. Reduced infant mortality
c. Fewer infectious disease mortalities
d. Greater social acceptance of older adults
ANS: D
3. Which of the following individuals has the longest life expectancy?
a. A white female in the United States
b. A black male in Canada
c. An individual in South America, regardless of gender or ethnicity
d. A Hispanic female in a large U.S. city
ANS: A
4. Which of the following would be considered an environmental determinant of health
and longevity?
a. Public policy emphasizing availability of public pensions
b. Levels of asbestos in homes and apartments in a neighborhood
c. An individual’s level of educational achievement
d. Attitudes toward older adults in a given society
ANS: B
5. According to the World Health Organization, which country or countries are
experiencing the most rapid proportional increase in older population?
,Functional Performance in Older Adults 4th Edition Test Bank
a. Developed Asian countries like Japan
b. The United States
c. High-income countries
d. Low- and middle-income countries
ANS: D
6. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about retirement as a
phenomenon of later life?
a. This is a relatively new expectation, dating to the mid-20th century.
b. Retirement has existed for as long as societies have identified a group of individuals as
aged.
c. For the most part, retirement is expected only among individuals in developing
nations.
d. Women expect to retire, but most men believe they will work for as long as possible.
ANS: A
7. Attitudes toward aging are most likely to be positive in societies where:
a. Older adults constitute a large proportion of the society.
b. Activities of elders emphasize primarily leisure and enjoyment.
c. There are very few older adults.
d. Older adults have a specific role as wise elders.
ANS: D
8. Age 65 has come to be considered the onset of old age in the United States because:
a. This is when most older adults find their abilities diminishing.
b. At age 65, physical appearance makes it evident that a person is old.
c. This is the age initially identified in public policy such as Social Security and
Medicare.
d. This is the age at which life expectancy diminishes most rapidly.
ANS: C
9. A criticism of Rowe and Kahn’s (1998) factors for successful aging is that:
a. Individuals have no control over any of the factors identified.
b. It is possible to have disease and disability and still have a positive late-life
experience.
,Functional Performance in Older Adults 4th Edition Test Bank
c. Few people age successfully, so the construct is not helpful.
d. It is not possible to accurately identify factors that contribute to a good experience of
late life.
ANS: B
10. The concept of dependency ratios has been criticized because:
a. Individual differences in needs and in aging and activity make it difficult to ascertain
which generation depends on others for help.
b. Very few older adults ever rely on younger individuals for support and assistance.
c. The most dependent generation may well be young adults.
d. It is common knowledge that older adults are dependent on younger individuals.
ANS: A
Chapter 2: Theories of Aging: A Multidisciplinary Review for Occupational and Physical
Therapists
1. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the purpose of theory in
aging?
a. Theories attempt to explain what we observe in empirical research or practice.
b. A goal is to consolidate practice around a simple set of principles.
c. Theories resolve disputes about the nature of reality and definitions of aging.
d. The most important purpose is to reduce apparently complex phenomena to a few
basic factors.
ANS: A
2. Explanations that focus on the situations and problems that accumulate during the life
span and cannot be understood separately from developmental experiences are
considered to reflect:
a. The aged
b. Aging
c. Age
d. The meaning of life
ANS: B
3. Early theories of aging focused on describing it as:
a. A problem
, Functional Performance in Older Adults 4th Edition Test Bank
b. A normal, welcomed life stage
c. A rare and unique process
d. Too idiosyncratic for generalized description
ANS: A
4. Theories that explain aging as resulting from the accumulation of “insults” from the
environment that eventually reach a level incompatible with life are labeled:
a. Sociocultural theories
b. Selection with optimization and compensation
c. Evolutionary theories
d. Stochastic theories
ANS: D
5. It is now believed that neurological theories of aging may be:
a. Too optimistic
b. Lacking in clarity
c. Too pessimistic
d. Too limited
ANS: C
6. Psychological theories of aging seek to explain:
a. Reasons for the emergence of mental disorder in late life
b. Why older individuals are prone to be pessimistic
c. Relationships among older and younger individuals
d. The multiple changes in individual behavior in late life
ANS: D
7. In the theory of selective optimization with compensation, “optimization” refers to the
idea that:
a. People engage in behaviors that augment or enrich their general reserves and
maximize their chosen life courses
b. People make efforts in middle age to accumulate needed resources to ensure
successful aging
c. Changing biological and psychological factors enhance the abilities of older adults in
memory and problem-solving
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