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2024 NR 283 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Brain Death is what? - CORRECT-ANSWERStotal brain death, body can no
longer maintain internal homeostasis, unresponsive coma, no spontaneous
respirations, no brain stem function and flat EEG
What is cerebral death? - CORRECT-ANSWERSirreversible coma and death of
the cerebral hemispheres exclusive of the brain stem and cerebellum, and
the bran can continue to maintain internal homeostasis.
what are the 4 types of cerebral death? - CORRECT-ANSWERScoma,
vegetative state which they can open their eyes and have normal sleep,
minimal conscious state which they have small movements and follow
commands and locked-in syndrome which the brain is conscious and body is
paralyzed.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS - CORRECT-ANSWERSlou gehrig disease,
unknown cause, motor neurons of brain and spinal cord, leads to progressive
weakness leading to respiratory failure and death, patient has normal
intellectual and sensory function until death with CM of muscle weakness
and twithces
what are the clinical manifestation for alterations in arousal? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSlevel of conscious changes which is the most critical evidence,
pattern of breathing evaluates level of brain dysfunction, pupillary changes
indicate level of brain stem dysfunction, oculomotor responses and motor
response which help evaluate level of dysfunction and damaged side
myasthenia gravis - CORRECT-ANSWERSautoimmune, antibody produced
against acetylcholine receptors to clock the binding of acetylcholine,
decreased nerve transmission and lack of muscle depolarization and CM of
weakness and fatigue
renal calculi or kidney stones and risk factors - CORRECT-ANSWERSmasses of
crystals, protein, calcium which obstruct urinary tract, risk factors are
gender, race, diet, fluid intake, fluid retention, changes in urine pH
, renal calculi pathophysiology and CM - CORRECT-ANSWERSsupersaturation
of salt, precipitation of salt, growth of stone and presence or absence of
stone inhibitors with CM of renal colic
NEUROGENIC BLADDER - CORRECT-ANSWERSdyssynergia, problems with
loss of sensation, automatic emptying, and uncoordination of sphincters
overactive bladder syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSdetrusor over-activity,
urgency and involuntary detrusor contraction, urinary retention and
incontinence the CM of patient would be frequency, urgency and nocturia
other lower urinary tract obstructions - CORRECT-ANSWERSurethral
strictures, prostate enlargement, and pelvic organ prolapse
acute cyctitis (UTI) - CORRECT-ANSWERSmost common, bacteria caused
leads to inflammation and edema of bladder with CM of frequency, urgency,
dysuria, hematuria and pain
interstitial cystitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSnonbacterial infectious, other micro-
organisms, hypersensitivity or altered immune response
pyelonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSinfection of ureter, renal pelvis, medulla
and cortex caused by kidney stones, reflux, and trauma
acute pyelonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSobstructions or reflux,
inflammation of structures, kidneys become infiltrated with WBC
Chronic pyelonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSrecurring acute pyelonephritis
with chronic obstructions, progressive inflammation, destruction and
scarring, leads to kidney failure
glomerulonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSinflammation of glomerulus and
caused by immunologic abnormalities, drugs/toxins/infections/systemic
diseases
glomerulonephritis patho and CM - CORRECT-ANSWERSimmune complexes
get lodged in glomeruli, inflammation, injury and damage to glomeruli with
CM of oliguria, HTN, renal failure, hematuria, and proteinuria
nephrotic syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSprotein in urine from glomerular
injury with hypoalbuminemia, edema, and vitamin D deficiency
acute kidney injury - CORRECT-ANSWERSsudden decline in kidney function,
decreased GFR, and accumulation of waste products with prerenal,
intrarenal, and postrenal
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