Exam (elaborations)
2024 NR 283 PATHO EXAM 3 CH. 17/GI WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 PATHO EXAM 3 CH. 17/GI WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 PATHO EXAM 3 CH.17/GI WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Frank blood - CORRECT-ANSWERS"obvious", bright red blood (lower GI bleed)
Occult Blood - CORRECT-ANSWERSsmall hidden amounts, detectable with
stool test
Melena - CORRECT-ANSWERSDark, tarry, almost black (because it's digested
blood), smells bad
Which two acid-base imbalances occur with GI infections - CORRECT-
ANSWERSMetabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis
Cirrhosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSprogressive destruction of the liver tissue
Cirrhosis
a) irreversible
b) reversible - CORRECT-ANSWERSirreversible
Loss of liver cell functions - CORRECT-ANSWERSdecreased blood clotting
factors (DIC)
decreased albumin (edema)
can't store iron or B12 (anemic)
can't remove toxins (encephalopathy)
Portal hypertension - CORRECT-ANSWERSblockage of blood flow
Advanced Cirrhosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSAscites ("BIG BELLY")
Ascites is caused by - CORRECT-ANSWERSportal hypertension and decreased
albumin (because liver has failed)
Liver produces _______ - CORRECT-ANSWERSalbumin
Signs of advanced cirrhosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSascites, increased
bruising/bleeding, varices, jaundice, encephalopathy
, Acute pancreatitis is what? This is caused by what? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSinflammation of the pancreas; caused by active enzymes in the
pancreas
Etiology of Pancreatitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSalcohol abuse, gallstones
Signs of Pancreatitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSSEVERE epigastric pain (radiates
to back), nausea, vomitting
Complication of Pancreatitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSSHOCK
Chronic IBDs are what two diseases - CORRECT-ANSWERSCrohns and
ulcerative colitis
Crohns - CORRECT-ANSWERS"skip lesions", progressive inflammation from
mucosal to all layers
Ulcerative Colitis - CORRECT-ANSWERS"continuous fashion", starts from anus
thenmoves up; in mucosa only
Signs of Crohns - CORRECT-ANSWERSdiarrhea with cramping and abdominal
pain
Signs of Ulcerative Colitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSVERY PAINFUL, diarrhea with
blood and mucus
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - CORRECT-ANSWERSchanges in normal bowel
habits (diarrhea and constipation)
Appendicitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSLRQ pain with REBOUND TENDERNESS,
nausea, vomitting
Complications of Appendicitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSworried about rupturing
(causing perforation and peritonitis)
Diverticulum - CORRECT-ANSWERSoutpouching; seeds or kernels can get
stuck here
Diverticulosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSasymptomatic diverticular disease
Diverticulitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSinflammation of the diverticulum; pain,
nausea, vomitting
Mechanical obstruction (intestinal obstruction) - CORRECT-
ANSWERSsomething is blocking (tumor, adhesion, hernia)
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