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2024 NR 283 CHAMBERLAIN FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 CHAMBERLAIN FINAL EXAM REVIEW WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 CHAMBERLAIN FINALEXAM REVIEW WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Rheumatoid Arthritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSAutoimmune disorder causing
chronic systemic inflammation
Pathophysiology Rheumatoid Arthritis - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Neutrophils
degrade surface layer of cartilage
2. Inflammatory cytokines breakdown cartilage & bone
3. T-Cells cause fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
4. Inflammation is constant & spreads to ALL synovial joints
Difference between Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis - CORRECT-
ANSWERSOsteoarthritis is a degenerative condition due to "wear and tear"
cartilage breaks down causing stiff joints and pain.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disorder. Additional
symptoms include fever and affects all synovial joints.
Risk factors for Osteoporosis - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Postmenopausal
women
2. Aging
3. Sedentary Lifestyle
4. Hyperthyroidism
5. Smoking
Osetoporosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSDecreased Bone Mineral Density
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - CORRECT-ANSWERSBone remodeling leads
to increased bone reabsorption, leads to decreased bone formation causing
thin fragile bones leading to fractures. Increased osteoclast activity and
decreased osteoblast activity.
Acute Pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSCondition last < 3 months. Body's protective
mechanism. Can be classified as somatic, visceral, or referred.
, Chronic pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSLasts > 6 months. Non-protective, Poorly
understood.
Neuropathic pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSDysfunction of the nervous system.
i.e. Fibromyalgia
Pain management - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat is the treatment that increases
or decreases transmission of pain signals.
Neurotransmitters - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat are the chemicals that the
nervous system uses to communicate with a brain.
Pain Transduction - CORRECT-ANSWERSNociceptors receptor at the end of a
sensory neuron's axon that responds to damaging or potentially damaging
stimuli by sending possible threat signals to the spinal cord and the brain
Pain transmission - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat pain pathway signal goes to
the central nervous system
Pain perception - CORRECT-ANSWERSPain pathway how the brain interprets
the pain signal
Pain threshold - CORRECT-ANSWERSMinimum amount of stimuli that it takes
for you to perceive pain. This pathway is the same for everyone
Pain tolerance - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe amount of pain the body can handle
before you involuntarily remove the stimuli.
Afferent - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe type of pain that transmit from the
peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system
Efferent - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhen the pain goes from the central nervous
system to the peripheral nervous system tell somebody how to react.
Endorphins - CORRECT-ANSWERSChemicals released usually during exercise
to prevent pain transmission signals.
Serotonin and GABA - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhat chemical reduces translation
of pain. This usually happens after the labor/childbirth
Seizures - CORRECT-ANSWERSThis condition as a result of massive firing of
neurons all at the same time.
Why are seizures life-threatening? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCan cause
aspiration, trauma, hypoxia, hypoglycemia.
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