2024 NR547 FINAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
The role of the psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) -
CORRECT-ANSWERSwas introduced in the 1990s and has evolved over time
to incorporate a person-centered, biopsychosocial model of care.
Late 19th Century - CORRECT-ANSWERSIn the late 19th century, reform
movements led to changes in beliefs about the role of mental asylums in the
treatment of mental illness. Focus shifted from restrictive custodial care to
treatment. Dr. Edward Cowles created the first organized training school
within a hospital for the insane in 1882.
Early 20th Century - CORRECT-ANSWERSEarly psychiatric nurses were
trained by physicians; however, in 1913, Effie Jane Taylor developed the first
nurse-organized training course for psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins
Hospital.
WWI - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe World Wars expanded awareness of mental
health disorders and the need for specialized nursing care. Following WWI,
the National League for Nursing Education added "nursing in nervous and
mental diseases" to curriculum guides.
WWII, - CORRECT-ANSWERSmany potential military recruits deemed unfit for
service due to psychiatric concerns, while many veterans experienced
combat-related neuropsychiatric conditions. Laura Fitzsimmons
recommended standards of training for psychiatric nurses, which led to
improved education and standards of care.
1946 - CORRECT-ANSWERSWith the passage of the National Mental Health
Act (NMHA) of 1946, psychiatric nursing was recognized as one of the four
core disciplines in psychiatric care and treatment (American Nursing
Association [ANA], 2014). The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing
education programs and contributed to a growth in university-based nursing
education.
1954 - CORRECT-ANSWERS, the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing
was established at Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau to prepare nurse
therapists. The first advanced practice nursing role was the psychiatric-
mental health clinical nurse specialist (PMHCNS) role.
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