Exam (elaborations)
NURS 405 Exam 1 questions with correct answers.
- Course
- NURS 405
- Institution
- Liberty University
NURS 405 Exam 1 questions with correct answers.
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NURS 405 Exam 1 questions with correct answersHealthcare Associated Infection
- what is it? what makes it an HAI? Synonym? Correct Answer-Include
localized or systemic conditions resulting from an adverse reaction to
the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s)
- no evidence that the infection was present or incubating at the time of
admission to the acute care setting.
- After discharge from the hospital an infection could still be considered
HAI based on certain factors (e.g. Time).
- Synonyms: Hospital Acquired Infection, Nosocomial Infection
4 main types of HAIs Correct Answer-Central line-associated
bloodstream infections
Surgical site infections
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
Ventilator-associated pneumonias
CLABSI
- what is a major risk factor for BSI? what effects rates of CLABSI?
Outpatient populations? Correct Answer-Rates of CLABSI appear to
vary by type of catheter
Outpatient groups may be at risk
-Hemodialysis
-Malignancy: immunocompromised
-GI tract disorders: Use of TPN/sugars
,-Pulmonary hypertension: medications have very short 1/2 life, catheter
always open
most and least common mechanisms of CLABSI? Correct Answer-
Common mechanisms
-Pathogen migration along external surface (usually early, <7 days)
-Hub contamination with intraluminal colonization
Less common mechanisms
-Seeding from another source
-Contaminated infusates
modifiable RFs for CLABSI Correct Answer-Insertion circumstances +
Skill of inserter -
Insertion site -
Skin antisepsis +
Catheter lumens -
Duration of catheter use +, influenced by RNs
Barrier precautions +
CLABSI prevention and CL care Correct Answer-Daily review of
Catheter Necessity
Catheter hub, cap, and tubing care
Care
Accessing the Line
,Blood draws
Catheter-site Care
Infection Control
Dressing
Activity
Evaluation
No routine replacement of CVCs
Surgical Site Infection
- pathogen sources (endogenous and exogenous)
- which of these can be controlled? Correct Answer-Pathogen sources
Endogenous
- Patient flora (skin, mucous membranes, GI tract)
- Seeding from a distant source of infection
Exogenous
- Surgical personnel (soiled attire, breaks in aseptic technique,
inadequate hand hygiene)
- Physical environment and ventilation
- Tools, equipment, materials brought to the operative field
- Only the exogenous things can be controlled.
Most common organisms that cause SSIs Correct Answer-
Staphylococcus aureus (30%)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (13%)
, Enterococcus (11%)
E. coli (9%)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%)
Enterobactor (4%)
Klebsiella (3%)
Candida (2%)
challenges of SSIs Correct Answer-Lack of standardized methods for
detection
Antimicrobial prophylaxis may be causing resistant organisms
-Inappropriate choice of agent
-Improper timing (pre-incision)
-Inadequate doses
Skin or site prep ineffective
CAUTI
- frequency?common reasons for CAUTI? Correct Answer-- most
common type of HAI and increases LOS 2-4 days.
Urinary catheter use in 15-25% of hospitalized patients and 5-10% of
nursing home patients
Often placed for inappropriate reasons
Physicians were often unaware- did not monitor duration or
discontinuation
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