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Fundamentals Exam 1 Actual Questions And Correct Answers.

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  • FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING
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  • FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING

Subjective Data - correct answer what the person says about himself during the history taken - past/present illnesses - family history - allergies - what medications they use Objective Data - correct answer What you ...

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  • October 20, 2024
  • 26
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING
  • FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING
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Fundamentals Exam 1

Subjective Data - correct answer what the person says about himself during the
history taken

- past/present illnesses

- family history

- allergies

- what medications they use



Objective Data - correct answer What you as a health care profession observe

Use a variety of techniques to collect data

- results of lab/diagnostic tests

*Strong data bc it is measurable and repeatable



Purpose of physical assessment - correct answer to make a judgement or diagnosis
about the patients state of health



What is the correct sequence for performing a physical assessment/collecting objective data? - correct
answer Inspection

Palpation

Percussion

Auscultation



Inspection - correct answer (not tools) —just eyes→ look for specific findings—
expected or unexpected [most important part]

o EX: Look at Nose: freckles—sun exposure—talk about sunscreen

-Deviated nose: has it always been like that; athletic accident; abuse? which nostril is bigger?—to help
decide which hole to place a tube

,Palpation - correct answer o Abdomen

o Neck: swollen glands, pulse

o Arm: muscle tone, bone, nerves, skin (if they have a fever and touch the skin—abnormal findings
occur: excessively warm, moist



Percussion - correct answer process of tapping

o On back: listening to sound it makes

- if it is over a hollow organ: tympani (lungs) & solid organ (heart)



Auscultation - correct answer to listen

- with ear or with stethoscope



Critical Thinking - correct answer Is a logical process that allows you to make sound
diagnostic and clinical judgments.

It can be learned.



Critical Thinking Skills - correct answer - Identifying Assumptions

- Distinguishing normal from abnormal s/s

- Diagnosing actual & potential problems

- Setting Priorities



Setting Priorities of Critical Thinking Skills - correct answer One critical thinking skill
is the ability to know which problem to address first.

- 1st Level Priority Problems

- 2nd Level Priority Problems

- 3rd Level Priority Problems



1st Level Priority Problems - correct answer Problems which are emergent, life
threatening, and immediate. If not addressed first they can lead to death or loss of limb. :(

, 2nd Level Priority Problems - correct answer Are next in urgency.

Require prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration of the patient's condition.

EX: Change in mental status, acute pain, acute urinary eliminations problems, abnormal lab values, risks
of infection, or risk to safety or security.

- Change in level of consciousness; urgent but not emergent; look for early signs; pain is 2nd; potassium
stops the heart



3rd Level Priority Problem - correct answer Problems that are important to the
patient's health but can be addressed AFTER more urgent health problems are addressed. Are more long
term and the response to treatment is expected to take more time.

EX: lack of knowledge, low self-esteem, dysfunctional family process, activity.



Diagnostic Reasoning - correct answer the process of analyzing health data and
drawing conclusions to identify nursing diagnosis



4 Steps for Diagnostic Reasoning: - correct answer 1. Attending to initially available
cues (S/S)

2. Formulating diagnostic hypotheses

3. Gathering data relative to the tentative hypotheses

4. Evaluating each hypothesis with the new data collected



1. Attending to initially available cues - correct answer Gather these for:

- Subjective Data

- Objective Data

- The Chart



Cue - correct answer - a piece of info

- cues are signs and symptoms



Symptom - correct answer information the patient states--> it is subjective data

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