Abnormal Psyc AU 435 Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Course
Psyc 435
Institution
Psyc 435
Abnormal Psyc AU 435 Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
ABAB design - answeran experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein a
baseline period (A) is followed by a treatment (B). To confirm that the treatment resulted in a
change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A...
Abnormal Psyc AU 435 Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
ABAB design - answer✔an experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein a
baseline period (A) is followed by a treatment (B). To confirm that the treatment resulted in a
change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A) and reinstated (B)
abnormal psychology - answer✔field of psychology concerned with the study, assessment,
treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior
acute - answer✔term used to describe a disorder of sudden onset, usually with intense symptoms
analogue studies - answer✔studies in which a researcher attempts to emulate the conditions
hypothesized as leading to abnormality
bias - answer✔observer bias occurs when the researcher has preconceived ideas and expectations
that influence the observations he or she makes in the research study
case study - answer✔an in-depth examination of an individual or family that draws from a
number of data sources, including interviews and psychological testing
chronic - answer✔term used to describe a long-standing or frequently recurring disorder, often
with progressing seriousness
comorbidity - answer✔occurrence of two or more identified disorders in the same
psychologically disordered individual
comparison or control group - answer✔group of subjects who do not exhibit the disorder being
studied but who are comparable in all other respects to the criterion group. Also, a comparison
group of subjects who do not receive a condition or treatment the effects of which are being
studied
correlation - answer✔the tendency of two variables to change together. With positive correlation,
as one variable goes up, so does the other; with negative correlation, one variable goes up as the
other goes down
correlational research - answer✔a research strategy that examines whether and how variables go
together (covary) without manipulating (changing) any variables
correlation coefficient - answer✔a statistic that ranges from +1.0 to -1.0 and reflects the degree
of association between two variables. The magnitude of the correlation indicates the strength of
the association, and the sign indicates whether the correlation is positive or negative
criterion group - answer✔group of subjects who exhibit the disorder under study
dependent variable - answer✔in an experiment, the factor that is observed to change with
changes in the manipulated (independent) variables
direct observation - answer✔method of collecting research data that involves directly observing
behavior in a given situation
direction of effect problem - answer✔refers to the fact that, in correlational research, it cannot be
concluded whether variable A causes variable B or whether variable B causes variable A
double-blind study - answer✔often used in studies examining drug treatment effects, a condition
where neither the subject nor the experimenter has knowledge about what specific experimental
condition (or drug) the subject is receiving
effect size - answer✔a statistical term referring to the strength of the relationship between two
variables in a statistical population
epidemiology - answer✔study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related
behaviors in a given population. Mental health epidemiology is the study of the distribution of
mental disorders.
etiology - answer✔factors that are related to the development (or cause) of a particular disorder
experimental research - answer✔research that involves the manipulation of a given factor or
variable with everything else held constant
external validity - answer✔the extent to which the findings from a single study are relevant to
other populations, contexts, or times
family aggregation - answer✔the clustering of certain traits, behaviors, or disorders within a
given family. Family aggregation may arise because of genetic or environmental similarities.
generalizability - answer✔the extent to which the findings from a single study can be used to
draw conclusions about other samples
hypothesis - answer✔statement or proposition, usually based on observation, that is tested in an
experiment; may be refuted or supported by experimental results but can never be conclusively
proved
incidence - answer✔occurrence (onset) rate of a given disorder in a given population
independent variable - answer✔factor whose effects are being examined and which is
manipulated in some way while other variables are held constant
internal validity - answer✔the extent to which a study is free of confounds, is methodologically
sound, and allows the researcher to have confidence in the findings
labeling - answer✔assigning a person to a particular diagnostic category, such as schizophrenia
lifetime prevalence - answer✔the proportion of living persons in a population who have ever had
a disorder up to the time of the epidemiological assessment
longitudinal design - answer✔a research design in which people are followed over time
meta-analysis - answer✔a statistical method used to combine the results of a number of similar
research studies. The data from each study are transformed into a common metric called the
effect size. This allows the data from the various studies to be combined and then analyzed. You
can think of a meta-analysis as being like research that you are already familiar with, except that
the "participants" are individual research studies, not individual people
negative correlation - answer✔a relationship between two variables such that a high score on one
variable is associated with a low score on another variable
nomenclature - answer✔a formalized naming system
1-year prevalence - answer✔the total number of cases of a health-related state or condition in a
population for a given year
placebo treatment - answer✔an inert pill or otherwise neutral intervention that produces
desirable therapeutic effects because of the subject's expectations that it will be beneficial
point prevalence - answer✔the number of cases of a specific condition or disorder that can be
found in a population at one given point in time
positive correlation - answer✔a relationship between two variables such that a high score on one
variable is associated with a high score on another variable
prevalence - answer✔in a population, the proportion of active cases of a disorder that can be
identified at a given point in time or during a given period
prospective research - answer✔method that often focuses on individuals who have a higher-than-
average likelihood of becoming psychologically disordered before abnormal behavior is
observed
random assignment - answer✔a procedure used to create equivalent groups in which every
research participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in the study
retrospective research - answer✔research approach that attempts to retrace earlier events in the
life of a subject
sampling - answer✔the process of selecting a representative subgroup from a defined population
of interest
self-report data - answer✔data collected directly from participants, typically by means of
interviews or questionnaires
single-case research design - answer✔an experimental research design (e.g., an ABAB design)
that involves only one subject
statistical significance - answer✔a measure of the probability that a research finding could have
occurred by chance alone
stereotyping - answer✔the tendency to jump to conclusions (often negative) about what a person
is like based on beliefs about that group that exist (often incorrectly) in the culture (e.g., French
people are rude, homosexuals have good taste in clothes, mental patients are dangerous, etc.)
stigma - answer✔negative labeling
third variable problem - answer✔refers to the problem of making causal inferences in
correlational research where the correlation between two variables could be due to their shared
correlation with an unmeasured third variable
asylums - answer✔historically, these were institutions meant solely for the care of the mentally
ill
behavioral perspective - answer✔a theoretical viewpoint organized around the theme that
learning is central in determining human behavior
behaviorism - answer✔school of psychology that formerly restricted itself primarily to the study
of overt behavior
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