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Phil 235 Final Exam Questions With 100% Verified Answers

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  • PHIL 235

Phil 235 Final Exam Questions With 100% Verified Answers Therapeutic research - answerwhen patients with a particular condition or disease are simultaneously research subjects and patients being treated for the illness. Nontherapeutic, or non-clinical, research - answerconducted on research s...

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  • October 20, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • PHIL 235
  • PHIL 235
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sirjoel
©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 10:54 PM



Phil 235 Final Exam Questions With 100%
Verified Answers


Therapeutic research - answer✔when patients with a particular condition or disease are

simultaneously research

subjects and patients being treated for the illness.


Nontherapeutic, or non-clinical, research - answer✔conducted on research


subjects who are otherwise healthy and the research has no intended potential

benefit to the volunteer.


nontherapeutic research requires informed and voluntary consent - answer✔since no appeal


to the patient's "well-being" is possible.


Halushka v. University of Saskatchewan. - answer✔Walter Halushka,experiment for a


new drug. he was only

partially informed about the procedures that would be necessary to monitor the

effects of the new anesthetic drug. He was not informed that there was a low, but

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 10:54 PM


quantifiable degree of serious risk such as cardiac arrest. During the testing, the

worst happened, and Mr. Halushka's life was saved only through a procedure in

which his chest was opened up and his heart massaged manually.


Alexander Capron - answer✔.reminding us that indeed the existence of research codes has not

brought to an end

all violations of ethical principles in the context of research.

.argues that mental illness is a

particularly difficult case because of how helpless families often feel, perhaps

leading them to allow for more potentially harmful research than they would have

allowed in other cases.


Lainie Ross - answer✔. presents an extended argument that indeed children can participate

morally

as research subjects and that often too much emphasis is placed on a very young

child's dissent.

.Paul Ramsey and Richard McCormick (two American

theologians) debated whether it was ever legitimate to have children participating

in research. Ramsey argued that children should never be used in nontherapeutic

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 10:54 PM


research. Since children cannot give a fully informed consent, the only option

would be a proxy decision maker. But a proxy decision maker is not responsible

for deciding on nontherapeutic research. So, there is no possible way to have a

legitimate consent (the child's consent is not informed, and a proxy consent is

.McCormick countered that parental

consent should be valid so long as it represented what the child would have

reasonably wanted were they of an age to give consent.

.concept of "constrained parental autonomy" as an

answer to Ramsey's arguments that even if it is necessary all child research

participation is ultimately immoral.

.Ross suggests that parents should have prima facie decision making authority that is only

questioned if the decision "is disrespectful of the child's developing personhood"


individual conflict of interest - answer✔a situation that occurs when an


individual has two or more distinct

interests and/or obligations, both

of which make legitimate demands

on her but are in conflict with one

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