True - ANSWER Grains and pulses can be fed to livestock and also
consumed by humans to meet their dietary needs.
False - ANSWER While a discussion of competition between humans
and livestock for grain and other high-quality foods is largely of
philosophical interest and without relevance to the real world, there is no
question that animals and humans compete for all feed items used in
their diets.
10,000 - ANSWER Along with the domestication of animals, man also
moved towards the ingestion of cereal grains as a major component of
his diet about ________ years ago.
Maize - ANSWER The cereal grain that is consumed by humans and
livestock in the greatest quantity in the world today is ______?
Gramnivores - ANSWER From a dietary perspective, chickens are best
described as _________.
Reproduction in Stature
Increase in iron-deficiency anemia
Increase in osteomalacia and osteoporisis
Decrease in lifespan
Increase in infectious diseases - ANSWER When cereal grains replaced
animal-based meat diets for hunter-gatherers the following physiological
events could be attributed to this change in their diets. From the list
below, please choose all events which are correct.
False - ANSWER Based on traditional natural diets of swine and poultry,
neither are considered to be competitors for human feed items.
However, in today's industrial farming of these species, every feed item
they consume in their ration makes them a primary dietary competitor for
humans.
, True - ANSWER Today, intensive modern livestock production of swine
and poultry in both industrialized and developing countries is based on
feeding grains and other concentrates to finish these animals to market
weights.
True - ANSWER Today, corn is a major source of mammalian dietary
carbohydrates that is primarily grown for livestock and poultry feed in the
US.
False - ANSWER Birds excrete uric acid, an excellent source of nitrogen
found in dried poultry waste, which can be effectively used by ruminants
and swine as a source of non-competitive nitrogen for protein synthesis
(as long as we are cautious about possible drug residues and possible
high copper levels).
False - ANSWER By reducing meat consumption in developing
countries, this practice is not only good for humans but it will have the
additional significant advantage of improving the health of people in
developing nations through the release of large amounts of grain for
their direct and efficient consumption (i.e. more net energy available).
True - ANSWER Even though industrial production of pigs and chickens
have made them competitors for human feed stuffs, their energy efficient
short cycle physiology and use of feed stuffs that would otherwise be
wasted by man make them ideal livestock for man to use as a source of
meat in developing and developed nations.
True - ANSWER In an ideal world, the greatest potential for raising
livestock in a non-competitive way for humans in developed nation is
through the efficient use of crop residues and a minimum of concentrate
feeding.
True - ANSWER In North America and Europe, the abundant and
inexpensive grain supplies are the cheapest energy source for both
ruminant and non-ruminant animal feed even though this practice is not
energy efficient from a nutrient extraction process.
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