ExamI3:INURSI611/INURS611I(New
Update)IAdvancedIPathophysiologyI
GuideIwithIQsI&IAs|I100%ICorrect|IGrade
IA-IMaryville
QUESTION
HyperosmolarIhyperglycemicInonketoticIsyndromeI(HHNKS),IorIhyperglycemicIhyperosmolar
IstateI(HHS),
Answer:
isIaIlife-
threateningIemergencyImostIoftenIprecipitatedIbyIinfections,Imedications,InonadherenceItoIdia
betesItreatment,IorIcoexistingIdisease.IisImoreIcommonlyIseenIwithItypeI2Idiabetes.IdiffersIfro
mIDKAIinItheIdegreeIofIinsulinIdeficiencyIwhichIisImoreIprofoundIinIDKAIandItheIdegreeIof
IfluidIdeficiency.IisIcharacterizedIbyIaIlackIofIketosis.
QUESTION
Hypoglycemia
Answer:
isIaIloweredIplasmaIglucoseIlevel.IInIgeneral,IoccursIwhenIbloodIglucoseIlevelsIareIlessIthanI
45ItoI60Img/dlIinIchildrenIandIadults.IPresentIwithItachycardia,Ipalpitations,Idiaphoresis,Itrem
ors,Ipallor,IarousalIanxiety,Iheadache,Idizziness,Iirritability,Ifatigue,IpoorIjudgment,Iconfusion,I
visualIchanges,Ihunger,Iseizures,IandIcoma.
QUESTION
MicrovascularIDisease
Answer:
DiabeticImicrovascularIcomplicationsI(diseaseIinIcapillaries)IareIaIleadingIcauseIofIblindness,I
end-
,stageIrenalIfailure,IandIvariousIneuropathies.IThickeningIofItheIcapillaryIbasementImembrane,
IendothelialIcellIhyperplasia,IandIthrombosis.ITheIthickeningIeventuallyIresultsIinIdecreasedIti
ssueIperfusion.
QUESTION
ACUTEICOMPLICATIONSIOFIDIABETESIMELLITUSI(DM)
Answer:
MicrovascularIDiseaseIandIMacrovascularIdisease
QUESTION
MacrovascularIdisease
Answer:
lesionsIinIlargeIandImediumIsizedIarteriesIincreasesImorbidityIandImortalityIandIincreasesIrisk
IforIacceleratedIatherosclerosisIandImyocardialIinfarction,Istroke,IandIperipheralIvascularIdisea
se.IIndividualsIwithIdiabetesImellitusIhaveIaIhigherImortalityIduringItheIacuteIphaseIofImyoca
rdialIinfarctionsIthanIdoInondiabeticIindividualsIbecauseItheyIareIoftenIasymptomaticIasIaIresu
ltIofIsensoryIandIautonomicIneuropathy.
QUESTION
MicrovascularIDisease
Answer:
ThisIunderscoresItheIneedIforIdiabetesIscreeningIasIwellIasImonitoringItheIpatient'sIglycosylat
edIhemoglobinI(HbIA1C)IwhichIdeterminesIglucoseIcontrolIoverI3ItoI4Imonths.
QUESTION
SyndromeIofIinappropriateIantidiureticIhormoneI(SIADH)
, Answer:
secretionIisIcharacterizedIbyIhighIlevelsIofIADHIinItheIabsenceIofInormalIphysiologicIstimuliI
forIitsIrelease.IisIassociatedIwithIectopicIsecretionIofIADHIbyIseveralItypesIofItumorIcells.IPu
lmonaryIdisorders.ICentralInervousIsystemIdisorders.
QUESTION
SyndromeIofIinappropriateIantidiureticIhormoneI(SIADH)
Answer:
TheIsymptomsIresultIfromIhypotonicI(dilutional)IhyponatremiaIandIareIassociatedIwithIhyperv
olemiaItooImuchIfluidIandIweightIgainIusuallyInoIedema.ITheIseverityIandIrapidityIofIonsetIo
fItheIhyponatremiaIdetermineItheIextentIofItheIsymptoms.
QUESTION
AddisonIdisease
Answer:
isIcharacterizedIbyIinadequateIcorticosteroidIandImineralocorticoidIsynthesisIandIelevatedIseru
mIACTHIlevels.ITheIsymptomsIofIthisIdiseaseIareIprimarilyIaIresultIofIhypocortisolismIandIh
ypoaldosteronism.
QUESTION
AddisonIdisease
Answer:
WeaknessIandIeasyIfatigability
GastrointestinalIdisturbances:Ianorexia,Inausea,Ivomiting,Idiarrhea,IabdominalIpain,IweightIlos
s
Hypoglycemia
Hyperpigmentation
VitiligoIwhiteIpatchyIareasIofIdepigmentedIskin
AddisonianIcrisis:IsevereIhypotensionIandIvascularIcollapse
