ExamI2:INURSI611/INURS611I(New
Update)IAdvancedIPathophysiologyI
ReviewIwithIQsI&IAs|I100%ICorrect|I
GradeIA-IMaryville
QUESTION
WhichIcellIisItheIbody'sIprimaryIdefenseIagainstIparasiteIinvasion?
Answer:
Eosinophils.
EosinophilsIserveIasItheIbody'sIprimaryIdefenseIagainstIparasites.
QUESTION
NormalIbacterialIfloraIfoundIinItheIintestinesIproduceIvitaminIKItoIassistIinItheIabsorptionIofI
whichIofItheIfollowing?
Answer:
Calcium,Iiron,IandImagnesium
TheIflora'sIproductionIofIvitaminIKIisIneededItoIabsorbIvariousIions,IsuchIasIcalcium,Iiron,Ian
dImagnesium.
QUESTION
AnIindividual'sIacquired-immunityIisIdependentIonItheIfunctionIofIwhichIcells?
Answer:
TIlymphocytes,IBIlymphocytes,IandImacrophages
TheseIcellsIalongIwithIdendriticIcellsIareIinvolvedIinIacquired-immunity.
,QUESTION
WhichItypeIofIimmunityIisIproducedIbyIanIindividualIafterIeitherInaturalIexposureItoItheIantig
enIorIafterIimmunizationIagainstItheIantigen?
Answer:
Active-acquiredIimmunity.IAnIindividualIproducesIactive-
acquiredIimmunityI(activeIimmunity)IafterInaturalIexposureItoIanIantigenIorIafterIimmunizatio
n,IwhereasIpassive-
acquiredIimmunityI(passiveIimmunity)IdoesInotIinvolveItheIhost'sIimmuneIresponseIatIall.ITh
eIinnateIimmuneIsystem,IalsoIknownIasInonspecificIimmuneIsystemIandItheIfirstIlineIofIdefen
se,IisIcomposedIofItheIcellsIandImechanismsIthatIdefendItheIhostIfromIinfectionIbyIotherIorga
nismsIinIaInonspecificImanner,IwhichImeansIthatItheIcellsIofItheIinnateIsystemIrecognizeIandI
respondItoIpathogensIinIaIgenericIway
QUESTION
WhatIisItheIroleIofIaInaturalIkillerI(NK)Icells?
Answer:
EliminationIofImalignantIcells
TheImainIfunctionIofINKIcellsIisItoIrecognizeIandIeliminateIcellsIinfectedIwithIviruses,Ialthou
ghItheyIareIalsoIsomewhatIeffectiveIatIeliminatingIotherIabnormalIhostIcells,IspecificallyIcanc
erIcells.
QUESTION
WhatItypeIofIimmunityIisIproducedIwhenIanIimmunoglobulinIcrossesItheIplacenta?
Answer:
Passive-acquiredIimmunity
Passive-
acquiredIimmunityI(passiveIimmunity)IdoesInotIinvolveItheIhost'sIimmuneIresponseIatIall.IRat
her,IpassiveIimmunityIoccursIwhenIpreformedIantibodiesIorITIlymphocytesIareItransferredIfro
mIaIdonorItoItheIrecipient.IThisItransferIcanIoccurInaturally,IasIinItheIpassageIofImaternalIanti
bodiesIacrossItheIplacentaItoItheIfetus,IorIartificially,IasIinIaIclinicIusingIimmunotherapyIforIa
IspecificIdisease.
,QUESTION
WhenIantigensIareIadministeredItoIproduceIimmunity,IwhyIareIdifferentIroutesIofIadministrati
onIconsidered?
Answer:
EachIrouteIstimulatesIaIdifferentIlymphocyte-
containingItissue,IresultingIinIdifferentItypesIofIcellularIandIhumoralIimmunity.
EachIrouteIpreferentiallyIstimulatesIaIdifferentIsetIofIlymphocyte-
containingI(lymphoid)ItissuesIandIthereforeIresultsIinItheIinductionIofIdifferentItypesIofIcell-
mediatedIorIhumoralIimmuneIresponses.
QUESTION
WhichIimmunoglobulinIisIpresentIinIblood,Isaliva,IbreastImilk,IandIrespiratoryIsecretions?
Answer:
IgA
IgAIcanIbeIdividedIintoItwoIsubclasses,IIgA1IandIIgA2.IIgA1ImoleculesIareIpredominatelyIfo
undIinItheIblood,IwhereasIIgA2IisItheIpredominantIclassIofIantibodyIfoundIinInormalIbodyIse
cretions.
QUESTION
WhichIantibodyIinitiallyIindicatesIaItypicalIprimaryIimmuneIresponse?
Answer:
IgM
Typically,IIgMIisIproducedIfirstI(primaryIimmuneIresponse),IfollowedIbyIIgGIagainstItheIsam
eIantigen.
QUESTION
, AnIindividualIisImoreIsusceptibleItoIinfectionsIofImucousImembranesIwhenIheIorIsheIhasIaIse
riouslyIlowIlevelIofIwhichIimmunoglobulinIantibody?
Answer:
IgA
TheIIgAImoleculesIfoundIinIbodilyIsecretionsIareIdimersIanchoredItogetherIthroughIaIJIchainI
andIsecretoryIpiece.IThisIsecretoryIpieceIisIattachedItoItheIIgAIantibodiesIinsideItheImucosalI
epithelialIcellsIandImayIfunctionItoIprotectItheseIimmunoglobulinIantibodiesIagainstIdegradati
onIbyIenzymesIalsoIfoundIinItheIsecretions,IthusIdecreasingItheIriskIofIinfectionsIinItheImuco
usImembrane.
QUESTION
WhichIisIanIexampleIofIanIendogenousIantigen?
Answer:
CancerIcells
QUESTION
WhenIaIpersonIisIexposedItoImostIantigens,IantibodiesIcanIbeIusuallyIdetectedIinIhisIorIherIci
rculationIwithin?
Answer:
6IdaysI
AfterIonlyIapproximatelyI5-
7IdaysIisIanIIgMIantibodyIspecificIforIthatIantigenIdetectedIinItheIcirculation.
QUESTION
VaccinationsIareIableItoIprovideIprotectionIagainstIcertainImicroorganismsIbecauseIofIthe?
Answer:
LevelIofIprotectionIprovidedIbyIIgG
