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Exam (elaborations) NUR 211 Nursing questions with verified solutions
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NUR 211 EXAM STUDY GUIDEQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
facture - Break in the continuity of a bone
Fracture is Most Common in : - Patients who have experienced trauma and older adults
Long Bone Early Complications - Fat Embolus
DVT
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome - occurs when swelling causes increased pressure leading to
decreased blood flow and potential muscle and nerve damage... EMERGENT
For long bone fracture you should monitor - Pulses and Temp.
Closed Fracture (SImple Fracture) - Fracture is with in the skin, muscle and fascia
Open Fracture (Compound Fx) - Fracture penetrates the skin, muscle, fascia
Transverse fracture - Occurs at right angle of bone axis
Linear fracture - fracture occurs parallel to bone axis
Nondisplaced Fracture (stable Fracture) - Broken ends of the bone remain aligned
Displaced fracture (Compound) - Broken ends of bone do not align requires immediate
attention.
Spiral - Fracture Spirals around bone, common in sports and children
Green Stick - bone fragments still partially join, children affected
communuted fracture - break or splinter of the bone into more than 2 fragments, such
as high-impact trauma (MVA)
Greenstick - xray will show fracture on only one side but the other side will look normal.
,3 Stages of Healing - -Inflammatory/Reactive Phase
-Reparative Phase
-Remodeling Phase
Signs and Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome - Reduce Blood Flow
Increases Blood Pressure
Monitor Temperature of Limb
Monitor Distal Pulses
Tenderness
Edema
SHOB
5 p's (pain, pulse, pallor, paranesthesia, paralysis)
Fat embolus can form when - can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from
yellow bone marrow are released into the blood.
Fat embolus can lead to - PE (signs include increased heart rate, increased respiratory
rate, SHOB)
Hip Fx what should the nurse do? - Teach:
Do not cross Legs
Use Abduction Pillow
Roll patient when moving or changing brief
Elevate HOB to 90 degrees
Risk factors of Hip Fracture - Age
Female
History of Osteoporosis
Traumatic Hip Fx - -One leg will be shorter
-acute pain
-deformed
-xray will not show fracture
Most common type of hip fracture - intertrochanter
Complication of Hip fracture that can lead to PE - Fat Emboli (CP increased HR and
RR, Hypoxia)
Strains - Stretching or tearing of tendons
, Sprain - Stretching or tearing of ligaments
Contusion - Swollen or discolored Muscle Injury
Treatment of Strains, Sprains and Contusions - RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
POLICE
Protection
Optimal
Load
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Dislocation Treatment - -Keep Injury Stable
-Stay ahead of the pain
-avoid opioid overdose, rehab
Signs and symptoms of inadequate pain management - diaphoresis
Increased heart Rate
Increased Blood Pressure
Complications of Fractures - Avascular necrosis of bone
Compartment Syndrome
Fat Emboli
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Bone Fractures Manifestations - Pain
Fracture on XRay
Swelling
Deformity
Numbness
Loss of Blood
Creapitus
Bone Fractures Treatment - Immobilization (cast/traction)
Surgical Repair
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