1. A student nurse is explaining to a pt about the respiratory system. Which statement
by the student nurse would require correction from the clinical instructor?
a. Neural & chemical regulators control the rate and depth of respiration in response to
changing tissue O2 demands.
b. The respiratory system is the system responsible for supplying O2 to the rest of the
body.
c. The exchange of respiratory gases occurs between the environment and the blood.
d. Respiration is the exchange of O2 and CO2 during cellular metabolism. - B: Both the
respiratory and cardiac systems are responsible for supplying O2 to the rest of the
body.
2. While doing a respiratory assessment on a pt. during clinical, a student nurse notices
that the pt. elevates his clavicles upon inspiration. The student nurse knows that raised
clavicles could indicate which of the following? SATA.
a. Increased lung expansion
b. Ventilatory fatigue
c. Air hunger
d. Decrease in work of breathing - B & C: Elevation of the clavicles upon inspiration can
indicate ventilatory fatigue, air hunger, or decreased lunch expansion.
3. A student nurse's pt is immobile. She knows that her pt is mainly at risk for which
respiratory event?
a. Increased work of breathing
b. Decreased surfactant
c. Decreased compliance
d. Atelectasis
e. Increased airway resistance - D: Atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli the prevents
normal exchange of gases) is a major concern for immobile pts. The pt's work of
breathing (effort required to expand & contract the lungs) may be increased, compliance
(ability of the lungs to expand in response to increase alveolar pressure) may be
decreased, and airway resistance (increase in pressure that occurs as the diameter of
airway decreases from nose/mouth to the alveoli) may be increased, but the main
concern would be atelectasis. Surfactant is the chemical produced in the lungs to
, maintain the surface tension of the alveoli & keep them from collapsing; surfactant
dysfunction typically occurs in newborns & children.
4. Which of the following terms is matched correctly with its definition? SATA.
a. Ventilation: exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli & capillaries
b. Perfusion: ability of the CVS to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues &
deoxygenated blood back to the lungs
c. Inspiration: passive process; stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta
d. Expiration: passive process; depends on elastic recoil of lungs & requires little to no
muscle work - B & D: Ventilation is the process of moving gases into and out of the
lungs. Diffusion is the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli & capillaries (bc of
concentration gradient). Inspiration is an active process, stimulated by chemical
receptors in the aorta.
5. What are the three steps in oxygenation?
a. Inspiration, expiration, & ventilation
b. Ventilation, perfusion, & diffusion
c. Compliance, airway resistance, & surfactant
d. Ventilation, diffusion & expiration - B: Ventilation, perfusion, & diffusion are the three
steps in oxygenation.
6. Your pt is immobile and at risk for atelectasis. Which nursing interventions should you
implement in order to prevent alveolar collapse? SATA.
a. Teach pt how to use an incentive spirometer 5-10 time every hour
b. Turn pt every three hours
c. Ambulate pts as soon as possible
d. Give the pt a nebulizer treatment PRN - A & C: Pts should be turned every two hours.
Nebulizer treatments must be ordered by the HCP and are typically given by the
respiratory therapist, not the nurse.
7. Which factors affect respiratory gas exchange? SATA.
a. Thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane
b. Surface area of the Hgb
c. Blood capacity to carry O2
d. Forced vital capacity - A & C: The surface areas of the alveoli would affect gas
exchange. Blood capacity to carry O2 is influenced by the amount of O2 dissolved in the
plasma, the amount of Hgb, & the ability of the Hgb to bind with O2 and form reversible
oxyHgb.
8. A student nurse is explained how respiration is regulated. Which of the following
statements would require correction from her clinical instructor?
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