IGCSE Cambridge Biology OL (0610) Chapter 6 Photosynthesis + RELATED PAPER 6 notes
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Course
IGCSE Biology
Institution
Class notes for IGCSE Biology OL (0610) CIE board, new () syllabus. Chapter six: Photosynthesis, plus related PAPER 6 tips, tricks, experiments and explanation. Written by a former IGCSE student who achieved a high 9 (195/200) in biology OL and A* in biology A level. The notes cover important detai...
Photosynthesis : a process by which inorganic compounds are converted to organic
compounds (glucose) using light energy.
* 6 CO + 6H O ------> C H O + 6O in presence of light energy & chlorophyll
Qualitative test
But for quantitative test, we use
Reactant Product starch production.
Presence or Glucose O2 (waste gas)
absence of (stored as
CO2 uptake starch)
- Using glowing splint
- Relights glowing splint
Iodine solution test
How photosynthesis works IMPORTANT!!!!
- CO2 diffuses into air spaces through stomata.
- Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll in chloroplasts. Chlorophyll converts
- Light energy is used to split water to hydrogen and oxygen. light energy to chemical
- Oxygen is used in either respiration or released as waste to atmosphere. energy.
- Hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to form glucose using enzymes.
Glucose
- Used for respiration
- Stored as starch in chloroplasts, stems, or roots.
- Synthesis of cellulose.
- Added to nitrogen to make amino acids.
- Added to fructose to form sucrose, to be translocated to all plant parts.
- Added to fructose and sucrose to make nectar.
Factors necessary for photosynthesis [Limiting Factors]
1) Light intensity
2) Concentration of CO2
3) Suitable temperature main
4) Parasites/pests
5) Soil pH
6) Light duration
7) Pollution/acid rain
Limiting factors : external factors that limit biological processes if in short supply.
Testing for starch in leaves
* Boil leaf with water to stop enzyme action and to break down cell membrane.
* Boil with ethanol in water bath to remove chlorophyll so that it doesn't mask
the colour change.
* Rinse with water to soften leaf.
* Add Iodine solution and observe colour change. If no starch present, colour
stays yellow-brown.
Testing leaves for various things
New Section 1 Page 1
, Testing leaves for various things
#1 Before any test, destarch the plant by putting it in a dark place for one day to
allow it to use all stored food.
#2 Investigating light necessary for photosynthesis:
* Cut out a letter (L) in a piece of aluminium foil.
* Place the piece of foil over the leaf for a certain amount of time.
* Remove the foil, then add drops of iodine solution to the leaf.
* The parts covered by the foil, which received no light, remain yellow brown, as
photosynthesis did not occur, so no starch produced.
* Meanwhile, the parts that were not covered by the foil, and received light,
turn blue black, as they produced starch by photosynthesis.
#3 Investigating the effect of chlorophyll:
* Obtain a variegated leaf. These have green parts (with chlorophyll) and white
parts (without chlorophyll).
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