ATI MED-SURG CH 31 Angina and MI Questions & Answers
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Course
ATI MED-SURG CH 31 Angina and MI
Institution
ATI MED-SURG CH 31 Angina And MI
What are the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (angina-->MI) due to? - ANSWERSSymptoms of acute coronary syndrome are due
to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen
supply and demand
What does research show regarding treatment of MI? - ANSWERSimproved outcomes following an MI in clients tr...
ATI MED-SURG CH 31 Angina and MI
Questions & Answers
What are the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (angina-->MI) due to? -
ANSWERSSymptoms of acute coronary syndrome are due
to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen
supply and demand
What does research show regarding treatment of MI? - ANSWERSimproved outcomes
following an MI in clients treated with aspirin, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.
When blood flow is cut from the heart what causes the chest pain? What is the quality of
the pain and how can you differentiate angina from an MI? - ANSWERSischemia
causes chest pain.
Anginal pain: tight squeezing, heavy pressure, or constricting feeling in the chest.
The pain can radiate to the jaw, neck, or arm.
Pain unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin and lasting for more than 15 min differentiates
MI from angina
Health promotion and disease prevention from MI - ANSWERS● Maintain an exercise
routine to remain physically
active. Consult with a provider before starting any
exercise regimen.
● Have cholesterol level and blood pressure checked
regularly.
● Consume a diet low in saturated fats and sodium.
Consult with a provider regarding diet restrictions.
● Promote smoking cessation.
Assessment: what are the different types of angina? - ANSWERSStable (exertional)
angina:
occurs with exercise or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
Unstable (preinfarction) angina:
occurs with exercise or at rest, but increases in occurrence, severity, and duration over
time.
Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina:
, is due to a coronary artery spasm, often occurring during periods of rest.
Risk factors for MI - ANSWERS● Male gender or postmenopausal women
● Ethnic background
● Sedentary lifestyle
● Hypertension
● Tobacco use
● Hyperlipidemia
● Obesity
● Excessive alcohol consumption
● Metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism)
● Methamphetamine or cocaine use
● Stress (with ineffective coping skills)
● older adult clients-> physically inactive, one or more chronic diseases (hypertension,
heart failure, and diabetes mellitus), or lifestyle habits (smoking and diet) that contribute
to atherosclerosis.
*Atherosclerotic changes related to aging predispose the heart to poor blood perfusion
and oxygen delivery.*
● Incidence of cardiac disease increases with age,
especially in the presence of *hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia*,
elevated homocysteine, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP
Expected findings for MI - ANSWERS● Anxiety, feeling of impending doom
● Chest pain: substernal or precordial
◯ Can radiate down the shoulder or arm, or present as jaw pain
◯ Can be described as a crushing or aching pressure
● Nausea
● Dizziness
Physical assessment findings for MI - ANSWERSPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
● Pallor, and cool, clammy skin
● Tachycardia and heart palpitations
● Tachypnea and shortness of breath
● Diaphoresis
● Vomiting
● Decreased level of consciousness
Lab tests for MI - ANSWERS*cardiac enzymes released w/ myocardial injury*
● Myoglobin: Earliest marker of injury to cardiac or
skeletal muscle. Levels no longer evident after 24 hr.
● Creatine kinase-MB: Peaks around 24 hr after onset of chest pain. Levels no longer
evident after 3 days.
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