NUR 218 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update
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Course
Nur 218
Institution
Nur 218
The organ in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen is the:
a. spleen
b. liver
c. cecum
d. sigmoid colon - Answer-liver
The liver is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The spleen is in the left upper quadrant. The cecum is in the right lower quadrant. The sigmoid colon is in the le...
NUR 218 Exam 3 Questions with Correct
Answers Latest Update
The organ in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen is the:
a. spleen
b. liver
c. cecum
d. sigmoid colon - Answer-liver
The liver is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The spleen is in the left upper
quadrant. The cecum is in the right lower quadrant. The sigmoid colon is in the left lower
quadrant.
Moles on the abdomen:
a. are common.
b. are uncommon.
c. require a biopsy.
d. are no cause for concern. - Answer-are common.
Pigmented nevi (moles) are common on the abdomen. Nevi are circumscribed brown
macular or papular areas. Nevi should be observed for unusual color or change in
shape; biopsy or removal is indicated if nevi change, which indicates a possible
malignancy.
The four layers of large, flat abdominal muscles form the:
a. linea alba.
b. rectus abdominis.
c. ventral abdominal wall.
d. viscera - Answer-ventral abdominal wall.
The four layers of large, flat muscles form the ventral abdominal wall. These muscles
are joined at the midline by a tendinous seam, the linea alba. One set of abdominal
muscles, the rectus abdominis, forms a strip extending the length of the midline. The
viscera are all the internal organs inside the abdominal cavity.
The symptoms occurring with lactose intolerance include:
a. bloating and flatulence.
b. gray stools.
c. hematemesis.
d. anorexia. - Answer-bloating and flatulence.
Lactose intolerance produces abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence when milk
products are consumed. Gray stools may occur with hepatitis. Hematemesis occurs with
stomach or duodenal ulcers and esophageal varices. Anorexia is a loss of appetite and
,occurs with gastrointestinal disease, as a side effect of some medications, with
pregnancy, or with psychological disorders.
Methods to enhance abdominal wall relaxation during examination include:
a. a cool environment.
b. having the patient place arms above the head.
c. examining painful areas first.
d. positioning the patient with the knees bent. - Answer-positioning the patient with the
knees bent.
Position the patient supine, with the head on a pillow, knees bent or on a pillow, and
arms at the side. Keep the room warm to avoid chilling and tensing of muscles. Avoid
having arms above the head; this increases abdominal wall tension. Painful areas
should be examined last to avoid muscle guarding.
Pyloric stenosis is a(n):
a. abnormal enlargement of the pyloric sphincter.
b. inflammation of the pyloric sphincter.
c. congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
d. abnormal opening in the pyloric sphincter. - Answer-congenital narrowing of the
pyloric sphincter.
Pyloric stenosis is a congenital defect causing a narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
The abdomen normally moves with breathing until the age of __ years.
a. 4
b. 7
c. 14
d. 75 - Answer-7
Abdominal breathing in children continues until the age of 7 years.
Older adults have:
a. decreased salivation leading to dry mouth.
b. increased gastric acid secretion.
c. increased liver size.
d. decreased incidence of gallstones. - Answer-decreased salivation leading to dry
mouth.
Aging results in decreased salivation leading to dry mouth. Aging results in decreased
gastric acid secretion. Aging results in decreased liver size. Aging results in increased
incidence of gallstone formation.
Ascites is defined as:
a. a bowel obstruction.
b. a proximal loop of the large intestine.
,c. an abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
d. an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity. - Answer-an
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites is free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. A bowel obstruction may result in abdominal
distention. The proximal loop of the large intestine is the ascending colon.
Splenomegaly is the term to describe an enlarged spleen
Pyrosis is:
a. an inflammation of the peritoneum.
b. a burning sensation in the upper abdomen.
c. a congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
d. an abnormally sunken abdominal wall. - Answer-a burning sensation in the upper
abdomen.
Pyrosis (heartburn) is a burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach from reflux of
gastric acid. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum. Pyloric stenosis is a
congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter. A scaphoid abdomen abnormally caves in
or is sunken.
Energy requirements for an aging adult decrease as a result of:
a. loss of energy.
b. eating habits.
c. loss of lean body mass.
d. decreasing body fat. - Answer-loss of lean body mass.
An older adult has a decrease in energy requirements as a result of loss of lean body
mass, the most metabolically active tissue. An older adult has a decrease in energy
requirements as a result of an increase in fat mass.
A comprehensive nutritional assessment always includes:
a. anthropometric measures.
b. a direct observation of feeding and eating processes.
c. a work history.
d. a comprehensive metabolic panel. - Answer-anthropometric measures.
Anthropometric measures evaluate growth, development, and body composition.
Examples include height, weight, waist circumference, derived weight measures (e.g.,
body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio), and triceps skinfold thickness.
Nutritional status is best determined by:
a. serum albumin.
b. clinical manifestations.
c. triglycerides
d. 24-hour diet recall. - Answer-serum albumin.
, Laboratory testing is required to make an accurate diagnosis of malnutrition. Serum
albumin is a common measurement of visceral protein status. Low serum albumin levels
occur with protein-calorie malnutrition, altered hydration status, and decreased liver
function. A serum albumin level of 2.8 to 3.5 g/dL represents moderate visceral protein
depletion, and a level less than 2.8 g/dL denotes severe depletion. Clinical signs of
nutritional deficiencies can be detected by a physical examination, but clinical
manifestations may be a late sign of nutritional deficiencies. These signs may also be
non-nutritional in origin. Triglycerides are used to screen for hyperlipidemia and the risk
of coronary artery disease. A 24-hour diet recall is the easiest and most popular method
for obtaining information about nutritional intake; however, this method has significant
sources for error.
For optimum health, infants and children up to 2 years of age should receive whole milk.
What component of whole milk is essential for neurologic development?
a. Lactose
b. Pasteurized protein
c. Fortified vitamin D
d. Fat - Answer-Fat
Infants and children younger than 2 years of age should not drink skim or low-fat milk or
be placed on low-fat diets. Fat (calories and essential fatty acids) is required for proper
growth and central nervous system development.
A dietary practice to restrict meat on certain days such as Ash Wednesday and Fridays
during Lent is an example of what type of nutritional influence?
a. Ethnic
b. Economic
c. Religious
d. Cultural - Answer-Religious
Meat restrictions on certain holy days is a religious influence on dietary practices for
many denominations of Catholics.
Dietary guidelines suggest that overall fat consumption should be:
a. less than 300 mg per day.
b. between 10% and 20% of the total calorie intake.
c. between 20% and 35% of the total calorie intake.
d. mostly trans-fatty acid or saturated fat. - Answer-between 20% and 35% of the total
calorie intake.
Total fat intake should be between 20% and 35% of calories, mostly from
polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats. Consumption of cholesterol should be less
than 300 mg per day. Intake of saturated fat should be limited. Trans-fatty acid
consumption should be as low as possible.
Obese persons with more fat in the upper body, especially the abdomen, have:
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