NUR 218 Exam 2 Elimination Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
Nur 218
Institution
Nur 218
Normal urine characteristics - Answer-- dilute or very concentrated
- sterile
- contains fluids, salts, and waste products, but free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi
- produced in small or large amounts
- avg adults passes a quart and a half of urine per day
- 1-2 mL/Hr
Anuria - Answer--...
NUR 218 Exam 2 Elimination Questions
with Correct Answers
Normal urine characteristics - Answer-- dilute or very concentrated
- sterile
- contains fluids, salts, and waste products, but free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi
- produced in small or large amounts
- avg adults passes a quart and a half of urine per day
- 1-2 mL/Hr
Anuria - Answer-- failure of kidneys to excrete urine
- failure to produce or excrete 50 to 100 ml of urine in 24 hours
- caused by obstruction, tumors, anything that blocks the ureters
- can lead to renal failure and need for dialysis
Oliguria - Answer-- reduced urine volume
- less than 1mL/kg/hr or 500 mL in 24 hrs
- symptom of renal failure
- treated with fluid and electrolyte management
- treat underlying cause
- may need dialysis
Polyuria - Answer-- excessive production and excretion of urine
- greater than 2500 mL or more per day
- can be caused by certain fluids
- medications such as diuretics
- disease processes (diabetes)
Nocturia - Answer-- excessive urination at night
- patient may wake up several times per night
- caused by certain disease processes such as BPH, heart failure, UTIs
- can also be caused by medications such as diuretics
Dysuria - Answer-- painful urination
- may be caused by UTI, bladder stones, STIs, yeast infections
- usually associated with urinary hesitancy or delay
- treat underlying cause
Hematuria - Answer-- blood in the urine
- bleeding may originate any point along urinary tract
- caused by irritation or inflammation of the mucosa
- malignancy, renal stones, trauma, cysts
, Stress incontinence - Answer-loss of urine control during activities that increase intra-
abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise
Urge incontinence - Answer-involved a sudden strong urge to void, flowed by rapid
bladder contraction
Functional incontinence - Answer-- occurs despite the fact that the urinary tract is
function effectively
- ex) not being able to pull down pants in time
Temporary incontinence - Answer-incontinence resulting from another condition such as
constipation or UTI
Overflow incontinence - Answer-the inability to empty the bladder completely, resulting
in a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
Urinary retention - Answer-Chronic
- difficulty starting a stream of urine or emptying the balder once started urine flow is
weak
Acute
- medical emergency requiring prompt action; patient unable to urinate despite a full
bladder
Causes:
childbirth; infections of the brain or spinal cord; diabetes; stroke; neurologic disorders;
bladder stones; pelvic injury or trauma; prostate enlargement; infection; surgery ;certain
medications
Factors affect the structure or function of the urinary system - Answer-- developmental
factors
- psychosocial factors
- food and fluid intake
- medication
- muscle tone
- surgical and diagnostic procedures
- pathologic conditions (HTN, arteriosclerosis)
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) - Answer-- result of bacteria in the urine
- one of the most common HAIs
- women more vulnerable, increases with age
risk factors
- any abnormality of the urinary tract that obstructs the flow of urine
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