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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 SAMPLEQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Asreportscomessbacksindicatingsthatsmuscularsatrophyshassoccurred.sAsnursesrecallssthats
muscularsatrophysinvolvessasdecreasesinsmusclescell:
a.snumber
b.ssize
c.svacuoles
d.slipofuscins-sans--B.sSize
Duringschildhood,sthesthymussdecreasessinssize,sandsthississreferredstosasswhatstypesofsatr
ophy?
a.sPhysiologic
b.sPathologic
c.sDisuse
d.sNeurogenics-sans--A.sPhysiologic
Whensplanningscaresforsascardiacspatient,sthesnursesknowssthatsinsresponsestosansincreas
edsworkload,scardiacsmyocardialscellsswillsexperienceshypertrophyswhichsissan:
a.sincreasesinssize
b.sdecreasesinslength
c.sincreasesinsexcitability
d.sdecreasesinsnumbers-sans--A.sIncreasesinssize
As55-year-oldsmaleswithsas30-
yearshistorysofssmokingsissexaminedsforsrespiratorysdisturbance.sExaminationsofshissairwa
ys(bronchial)srevealssthatsstratifiedssquamoussepithelialscellsshavesreplacedsthesnormalsco
lumnarsciliatedscells.sThisstypesofscellularsadaptionsisscalled:
a.sanaplasia
b.shyperplasia
c.smetaplasia
d.sdysplasias-sans--C.sMetaplasia
Whensplanningscaresforsthespregnantspatient,sthesnurseswillsrecallsthatsthesmammarysglan
dssenlargesassasconsequencesof:
a.scompensatoryshyperplasia
b.shormonalshyperplasia
c.shormonalsanaplasia
d.scompensatorysanaplasias-sans--B.sHormonalshyperplasia
,As24-year-
oldsfemalespresentsswithsexcessivesmenstrualsbleeding.sThesphysiciansidentifiedsendome
trialschangessthatsaresduestoshormonalsimbalances.sThesescellularschangesswouldsbesrefe
rredstosas:
a.sdysplasia
b.spathologicsdysplasia
c.shyperplasia
d.spathologicshyperplass-sans--D.sPathologicshyperplasia
As55-year-
oldsmalesissdiagnosedswithshepatocellularscancerssecondarystoshepatitissC.sIfsthescancero
ussregionsofshissliversissremoved,sthesremainingscellsswouldsundergo:
a.spathologicshyperplasia
b.spathologicsmetaplasia
c.scompensatoryshyperplasia
d.scompensatorysaplasias-sans--C.sCompensatoryshyperplasia
As40-year-
oldsfemale'ssPapssmearsindicatessabnormalschangessinsthesshapesandsorganizationsofscer
vicalscells.sWhichstermswouldsbesusedstosidentifysthisstypesofschange?
a.sMetaplasia
b.sAtrophy
c.sHypertrophy
d.sDysplasias-sans--D.sDyspalsia
As75-year-
oldsmalespresentsswithschestspainsonsexertion.sTheschestspainsissmostslikelysduestoshypoxi
csinjuryssecondarysto:
a.smalnutrition
b.sfreesradicals
c.sischemia
d.schemicalstoxicitys-sans--C.sIschemia
Aspatientshassasheartsattacksthatsleadsstosprogressivescellsinjurysthatscausesscellsdeathswit
hsseverescellsswellingsandsbreakdownsofsorganelles.sWhatstermswouldsthesnursesusestosd
efinesthissprocess?
a.sAdaptation
b.sCalcification
c.sApoptosis
D.sNecrosiss-sans--D.sNecrosis
Sodiumsandswatersaccumulationsinsansinjuredscellsaresasdirectsresultsof:
a.sdecreasedsATPsproduction
b.skaryorrhexis
c.sribosomesdetachment
,d.sdehydrations-sans--A.sDecreasedsATPsproduction
Thesearlysdilations(swelling)sofsthescell'ssendoplasmicsreticulumsresultssin:
a.sincreasedsaerobicsmetabolism
b.sfailuresofsDNA
c.sreducedsproteinssynthesis
d.sincreasesNa+s-sK+spumpsfunctions-sans--C.sReducedsproteinssynthesis
As52-year-
oldsmalessufferedsasmyocardialsinfarctionssecondarystosatherosclerosissandsischemia.sOn
cesbloodsflowsissreturnedstosthesdamagedsheart,sreperfusionsinjurysoccurssassasresultsof:
a.soxidativesstress
b.svacuolation
c.sdecreasedsintracellularscalcium
d.slipidsacceptorsproteinss-sans--A.sOxidativesstress
Asfamilyspresentsstostheirsprimaryscaresprovidersreportingsheadache,snausea,sweakness,st
innitus,sandsvomiting.sWhichsofsthesfollowingswouldsbesthesmostslikelysexpressionsforsthes
essymptoms?
a.sLeadsexposure
b.sCarbonsmonoxidespoisoning
c.sEthanolsexposure
d.sMercuryspoisonings-sans--B.sCarbonsmonoxidespoisoning
Ascommonspathwaysofsirreversiblescellsinjurysinvolvedsincreasedsintracellular:
a.ssodium
b.spotassium
c.smagnesium
d.scalciums-sans--D.sCalcium
As50-year-
oldsmalessustainedsasclosedsheadsinjurysassasresultsofsasmotorsvehiclesaccident.sCTsscans
revealedsascollectionsofsbloodsbetweensthesinnerssurfacesofsthesdurasmatersandsthessurfac
esofsthesbrain.sWhichstypesofsinjuryswillsthesnursesbescaringsfor?
a.sSubduralshematoma
b.sEpiduralshematoma
c.sContusion
d.sAbrasions-sans--A.sSubduralshematoma
As20-year-oldsmalespresentsstosthesemergencysdepartmentswithsasjaggedssharp-
forcesinjurysthatsisslongersthansitsissdeep.sWhatstypesofswoundswouldsthesnursesbescaringsf
or?
a.sStabswound
b.sIncisedswound
c.sPunctureswound
d.sChoppingswounds-sans--B.sIncisedswound
, As30-year-
oldsfemalespresentsswithsasgunshotswoundstostheshead.sTheswoundshasssearedsedgessan
dsasdeepspenetrationsofssmokesandsgunpowdersfragments.sThisswoundswouldsbesdocume
ntedsassa(n):
a.sexit
b.sintermediatesrangesentrance
c.scontactsrangesentrance
d.sindeterminatesrangesentrances-sans--C.sContactsrangesentrance
As15-year-
oldsfemalespresentsstosthesERsfollowingsasphysicalsassault.sSheshassinternalsdamagestost
hesneckswithsdeepsbruising.sX-
raysrevealssfracturessofstheshyoidsbonesandstrachealsandscricoidscartilage.sWhichsofsthesfo
llowingsmostslikelyscausedshersinjuries?
a.sChemicalsasphyxiation
b.sChokingsasphyxiation
c.sLigaturesstrangulation
d.sManualsstrangulations-sans--D.sManualsstrangulation
As55-year-
oldsmaleshassswellingsofsthesfeet.sWhichsofsthesfollowingsaidedsinsthesdevelopmentsofsswel
ling?
a.sIncreasedsATP
b.sChloridesmovementsoutsofsthescell
c.sNa+smovementsintosthescell
d.sDecreasedsoncoticspressures-sans--C.sNa+smovementsintosthescell
As35-year-
oldsfemalesissdiagnosedswithsmultiplesmyeloma.sBiopsysofsthestumorsrevealssRusselsbodi
es,sandslaboratorystestingsrevealsskidneysdysfunction.sWhichssubstancesshouldsthesnurse
smonitorsassitsissaccumulatingsinsthespatients'sbody?
a.sGlycogen
b.sProtein
c.sPigment
d.sMelanins-sans--B.sProtein
Asnewbornsmalesissdiagnosedswithsalbinismsbasedsonsskin,seye,sandshairsappearance.sW
hichsfindingswillssupportsthissdiagnosis?
a.sIncreasedsmelanin
b.sIncreasedshemoproteins
c.sInabilitystosconvertstyrosinestosDOPA
d.sInabilitystosconvertsbilestosbilirubins-sans--C.sInabilitystosconvertstyrosinestosDOPA
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