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NURS1006 Exam Questions And Accurate Answers
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NURS1006 Exam Questions And Accurate AnswersLungs are perfused by two different circulations. Name these circulations and state
what their role in the lungs is. - ANSWER Pulmonary circulation delivers deoxygenated
blood to the lungs for oxygenation and the oxygenated blood returns to the heart.
Bronchial circulation provides oxygenated blood to lung tissue.
A 3-year-old boy comes to the ED after having aspirated a peanut. Bronchoscopy
confirms the suspicion that the peanut is lodged in a bronchus and then it is
successfully extracted. Which main bronchus was the peanut most likely to be in? Why?
-ANSWER right main bronchus, because it is wider and more vertical than left.
What features of the alveoli and their respiratory membranes suit them to their function
of exchanging gases by diffusion? - ANSWER larger surface area and thin respiratory
membrane make them ideal for the gas exchange.
Air moving from the nose to the trachea passes by a number of structures. List (in order)
as many of these structures as you can. - ANSWER nasal cavity --> nasopharynx -->
oropharynx --> laryngopharynx --> larynx
Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow? - ANSWER epiglottis
Which structural features of the trachea allow it to expand and contract, yet keep it from
collapsing? - ANSWER C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
What is the driving force for pulmonary ventilation? - ANSWER a pressure gradient
created by the changes in the thoracic volume.
Resistance in the airways is typically low. Why? Give at least two reasons. - ANSWER 1.
, the diameter of most airways are relatively large.
2. air has a low viscosity.
Premature infants have inadequate surfactant. How does this affect their breathing? -
ANS This will elevate surface tension within alveoli and causes them to collapse
between breaths.
PO2 in the alveoli is about 56mmHg lower than in inspired air. Explain this difference. -
ANSWER The gradient in PO2 between inspired air and alveolar air is due to 1) gas
exchange across the lungs (O2 continuously diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood), 2)
humidification of the inspired air in the airways above the alveoli that adds water
molecules to the air which dilute the O2 molecules, and 3) mixing of newly inspired air
with gases remaining behind in the alveoli.
Tissues metabolising rapidly are producing large amounts of CO2 and H+. How does
this affect O2 unloading? What is this effect called? - ANSWER Both CO2 and H+
increase O2 unloading by binding to haemoglobin. This is called the Bohr effect.
List the three ways CO2 is transported in blood and state approximate percentages of
each. ANSWER About 70% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ion in plasma. Just over
20% is transported bound to hemoglobin in the RBCs and 7-10% is dissolved in plasma.
What is the relationship between CO2 and pH in the blood? Explain. - ANSWER When the
blood CO2 increases, the blood pH decreases. This is because the CO2 combines with
water to form carbonic acid.
An injured soccer player, taken by ambulance to the emergency room, is in obvious
distress, breathing rapidly. Her blood PCO2 is 26mmHg and pH is 7.5. Is she in a state of
hyperventilation or hyperpnoea? Why or why not? ANSWER Her PCO2 is low (normal
PCO2 is 40mmHg), so it is hyperventilation.
List two reasons for the reduction in vital capacity that occurs with age. - ANSWER The
reasons for vital capacity's decline with age are increased stiffness of the thoracic wall
and loss of lung elasticity.
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