NSG 552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1 - Modules 1-3 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version
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Course
NSG 552
Institution
NSG 552
Pharmacokinetics
→ Studies how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacodynamics
→ Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic
→ - first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for psychosis
→ - aka typical antipsychotics
→ - increased risk for EPS, Tar...
NSG 552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1 -
Modules 1-3 Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update and
Recommended Version
Pharmacokinetics
→ Studies how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacodynamics
→ Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic
→ - first developed in the 1950s, first available treatment for psychosis
→ - aka typical antipsychotics
→ - increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
→ - d2 blocker
→ - Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
→ - Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and side
effects
→ - examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin
(fluphenazine), perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic
→ - examples include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel (quetiapine), Zyprexa
(olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
→ - lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
→ - higher risk of metabolic side effects
→ - serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
→ - AKA atypical antipsychotics
→ Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to certina medications. AKA drug
induced movement disorder. May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions,
parkinsons-like symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
→ - Can be acute or chronic
→ - related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
Tardive dyskinesia
→ - characterized by involuntary movments in the face and body
→ - often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
→ - can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants, lithium,
antihistamines)
→ - more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
→ - movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip smacking, pill
rolling, tongue protrusion
Upregulation
→ Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is the process by which a cell increases
its response to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific
response
downregulation
→ Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous system. Characterized by a decreased
response by a cell to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles
→ FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
→ SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also
antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
→ When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels
to open or close.
Affinity
→ The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind to a receptor
→ Constant
→ Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their structures
CYP450
→ - membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of
xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
→ -Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying drug-drug
interactions
→ - A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes = decreased
drug metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
→ - A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum
concentation of other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
→ Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain drugs
→ cluster of conditions that incerase risk for T2DM and cardiovascular disease (obesity,
HTN, high triglycerides, low HDL, insulin resistance)
→ -increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some antipsychotic medications,
primarily SGA
High Potency vs Low Potency
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