Exam (elaborations)
STA 270 FINAL REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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STA 270 FINAL REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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Parameter - ANSWER A value that describes an aspect (mean,proportion, correlation) of the population
Statistic - ANSWER a numerical measurement describing some
characteristic of a sample.
This value is computed from data in a sample.
Random distribution - ANSWER statistical distribution in which the
location of members in a population is random, location of each
individual is determined by chance/probability
Statistical inference - ANSWER The process of using data obtained from
a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about the characteristics
of a population.
Population - ANSWER An entire mass of individuals from where a
certain sample is taken
explanatory variable - ANSWER A variable that helps explain or
influences changes in a response variable.
Independent variable (x- axis)
response variable - ANSWER A variable that measures an outcome of a
study.
Dependent variable (y-axis)
bootstrap sample - ANSWER a random sample taken with replacement
from the original sample, of the same size as the original sample
bootstrap statistic - ANSWER the statistic computed on a bootstrap
sample
, bootstrap distribution - ANSWER The distribution of estimates calculated
from each of the bootstrap re-samples taken from the original sample
one dot on the bootstrap distribution = one sample statistic
Confidence Interval (CI) - ANSWER A range of values, calculated from
the sample observations, that is believed, with a particular probability, to
contain the true value of a population parameter.
A 95% confidence interval, for example, implies that were the estimation
process repeated again and again, then 95% of the calculated intervals
would be expected to contain the true parameter value.
Note that the stated probability level refers to properties of the interval
and not to the parameter itself which is not considered a random
variable.
Hypothesis tests - ANSWER use known distribution to determine
whether null hypothesis can be rejected or otherwise
correlation - ANSWER measure of strength and direction of linear assoc
b/w 2 considered variables
Randomized comparative experiment - ANSWER an experiment that
uses both comparison of two or more treatments and random
assignment of subjects to treatments
matched pairs experiment - ANSWER each case gets both treatments in
random order and we examine individual differences in the response
variable between the two treatments
Very useful to understand how the response varies significantly from a
case to case.
Paired data - ANSWER 2 measurements on each case, which leads to
comparison of each case under different treatments.
Why paired data?
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