The Human Body in Health & Disease -
Memmler's 13th Edition - Chapter 6 - The
Integumentary System Exam
Epidermis - Answers -Outermost layer; Composed entirely of epithelial cells & contains
NO blood vessels
Dermis - Answers -Connective tissue portion of the cutaneous membrane; Contains
many blood vessels, nerve endings, & glands; (aka "true skin")
Stratum Basale - Answers -New cells produced from stem cells here; Melanin produced
here by melanocytes
As epidermal cells die their cytoplasm is replaced by a large amount of a protein called
___________, which thickens and protects the skin - Answers -Keratin
Stratum Corneum - Answers -Uppermost layer of epidermis consisting of flat,
keratinized ("cornified") cells
Melanin - Answers -Skin's main pigment; Dark pigment that colors the skin and protects
it from sunlight's harmful rays; Produced by melanocytes in deepest layer of epidermis
Dermal Papillae - Answers -Portions of the dermis extending upward into the epidermis
(ex: fingerprints)
The skin rests on a connective tissue membrane called the ____________ layer. -
Answers -Subcutaneous (aka hypodermis; aka superficial fascia)
Subcutaneous Layer - Answers -Consists of areolar connective tissue and adipose;
Continuous bundles of elastic fibers connect this with the dermis; Rich in blood vessels
and nerves & nerve endings
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands - Answers -Saclike in structure, produce sebum (oil), lubricates
the skin & hair and prevents drying; Ducts of these glands open into hair follicles
Vernix Caseosa - Answers -Babies are born with this covering produced by the
sebaceous glands that resembles cream cheese
Meibomian Glands - Answers -Associated w/ the eye lashes & produce a secretion that
lubricates the eyes
, Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands - Answers -Coiled, tubelike structures located in the
dermis and subcutaneous tissue; Most function to cool body
Eccrine Glands - Answers -Sweat glands; Distributed throughout the skin
Apocrine Glands - Answers -Sweat glands; Located mainly in armpits and groin area;
Become active at puberty & release secretion through follicles in response to emotional
stress or sexual stimulation; Release some cellular material
Body Odor develops from the action of bacteria in breaking down the cellular materials
secreted by the _________ __________ - Answers -Apocrine Glands
Ceruminous Glands - Answers -Found in ear canal; Produce Cerumen (ear wax)
Ciliary Glands - Answers -Found at edges of eyelids
Hair Follicle - Answers -Sheath of epithelial & connective tissue that encloses the hair;
hair develops from stem cells located in a bulb at base of follicle
Hair Shaft - Answers -Part of hair that projects above the skin
Hair Root - Answers -Portion of hair below the skin
Arrector Pili - Answers -"Hair Raiser;" This band of involuntary muscle attached to most
hair follicles; (Associated w/ goose bumps)
Nails are made of hardened ___________ formed by the epidermis - Answers -Keratin
Nail Matrix - Answers -Growth region of nail
The nail plate rests on the nail ______. - Answers -Bed
Lunula - Answers -"Little Moon" of finger nail
Cuticle - Answers -Extension of stratum corneum; Seals space between nail plate &
skin above the root
Vitamin ____ is manufactured in the skin under the effects of UV rays in sunlight -
Answers -Vitamin D
Discoloration - Answers -Any distinct change in skin color from the norm
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