IBCLC Exam/ 457 Questions with Definitive
Solutions/ Already Graded A+
% of breastmilk that is carbohydrates - Answer: Approximately 7%
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast milk.
% of breastmilk that is fat - Answer: Approximately 4%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 50.
% of breastmilk that is protein - Answer: Approximately .8 - 1 %
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant
Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
% of calories in breastmilk from carbohydrates - Answer: Approximately 40%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 69.
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,% of calories in breastmilk from fat - Answer: Approximately 50%
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
124.
% of calories in breastmilk from protein - Answer: Approximately 10%
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant
Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
Acinus - Answer: Any of the small sacs or alveoli that terminate the ducts and are
lined with secretory cells.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Available online: http://www.merriam-
webster.com/medical/acinus?show=0&t=1296699192
Acrocyanosis - Answer: Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in the newborn;
peripheral cyanosis. Should not persist beyond 24 hours after birth.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
863.
Active immunity - Answer: Immunity conferred by the production of antibodies by
one's own immune system.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
868.
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,Active transport - Answer: Passage of drug into breastmilk assisted by
components in breastmilk.
Hale & Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 470.
Acyclovir/Zovirax - Answer: Antiviral used to treat herpes infections, L2.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
177.
Aerobic bacteria - Answer: Bacteria requiring air for metabolic processes. The
breast is colonized with this type of bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
863.
AGA - Answer: Appropriate for Gestational Age. Having a birth weight between
the 10th and 90th percentile on intrauterine growth charts.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
671.
Alcohol and breastfeeding - Answer: Alcohol can decrease milk supply.
Breastfeeding must be interrupted for 1 hour per drink, or until mother is sober.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
171 & 188.
Aldomet/Methyldopa - Answer: Antihypertensive, L2. Frequently used to treat
hypertension during pregnancy. No concerns reported via breastmilk.
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, Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 667.
Allergen - Answer: A substance that causes an allergic response, such as foods,
drugs, inhalants. Cow's milk is common source for infants.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
863.
Αlphalactalbumin - Answer: A major protein found in human milk whey. Assists in
processing lactose.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
863.
Alveolar ridge - Answer: The ridges on the upper and lower jaw where infant's
teeth will grow.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
863.
Alveolus, alveoli - Answer: Secrete and store milk for let down. Surrounded by
myoepithelial cells, contractile cells and connective tissue.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page
80.
Amenorrhea - Answer: A natural phase of infertility that takes place when a
mother is exclusively breastfeeding. Menstruation has not returned.
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