Summary
Summary NUR 212 Cardiac and Great Vessels Study Guide
- Course
- NUR 212
- Institution
- Gwynedd Mercy University
This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide one;Cardiac and Great Vessels.
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Study Questions Lesson 7 Cardiac and Great VesselsName the AV vales and where are they located?
- Tricuspid Valve: Right AV valve
- Bicuspid or Mitral Valve: Left AV Valve
- Separate Atria and Ventricles
Name the semilunar valves and where are they located?
- Pulmonic Valve: SL valve in right side of heart
- Aortic Valve: SL valve in left side of heart
- Set between Ventricles and Arteries
The first heart sound (S1) signals closure of which valves?
- AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid valves)
S1 signals what part of the cardiac cycle?
- Beginning of systole
The second heart sound (S2) signals closure of which valves?
- Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic valves)
S2 signals what part of the cardiac cycle?
- Beginning of diastole
Describe the direction of blood flow through the heart?
- right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta,
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
What is cardiac output?
- Volume of blood in each systole (stroke volume) times number of beats per minute
Describe preload?
- Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole
- How well ventricular muscle can stretch at end of diastole
Describe afterload?
- The opposing pressure that the ventricle must generate to open aortic valve
- The resistance against which ventricle must pump its blood
What is atrial kick?
- the phenomenon of increased force generated by the atria during contraction. This event occurs late in
atrial systole when blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle
Where is the electrical impulse of the healthy heart located?
- on the right side of the upper chamber in an area called the sinus node
, Where is the carotid artery located?
- In groove between trachea and sternomastoid muscle, medial to and along-side that muscle
Where are the jugular veins?
- On each side of the neck
What information do the jugular veins give us about the right side of the heart and why?
- Because no cardiac valve exists to separate the superior vena cava and the right atrium, the jugular veins
give info about the activity on the right side of the heart. Specifically, they reflect filling pressure and
volume changes. Because volume and pressure increase when the right side of the heart fails to pump
efficiently, the jugular veins reveal this
If a patient presents with chest pain, what questions (subjective data) should you ask?
- When did it start?
- Is it constant or intermittent?
- Where is the pain? Does it radiate?
- How would you describe the pain? (stabbing, crushing, burning, squeezing, sharp, dull)
- Does anything make it worse?
If a patient presents with dyspnea, what questions should you ask?
- Do you have SOB at rest or with exertion?
- Does lying down make it worse?
- When did it start?
- Does it wake you up at night?
What is dyspnea on exertion (DOE)?
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing during physical activity
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)?
- A sensation of shortness of breath that awakens the patient, often after 1 or 2 hours of sleep, and is
usually relieved in the upright position
What is orthopnea and why can heart failure cause this?
- Difficulty breathing when lying down, relieved by sitting or standing
How would you ask a patient if they have orthopnea?
- Do you have difficulty breathing while lying down?
- Does sitting or standing make it easier?
If a patient reports edema (specifically swelling in feet or legs), what questions would you ask?
- Does it go away when you put your feet up?
- Are they equally swollen?
- What time of day does it occur?
What is nocturia?
- Waking up at night with an urgent need to urinate
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