Summary
Summary NUR 212 Final Exam Review
- Course
- NUR 212
- Institution
- Gwynedd Mercy University
This is a comprehensive and detailed Review Summary on final exam for NUR 212. *Essential Study Material!!
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NUR212 FINAL REVIEWInterview and communication
1. Priorities: ABC
-first level: life threatening, emergent, immediate
-second level: urgent, prompt intervention to stall further deterioration
-third level: after urgent issues resolve
-Use ABc: Airway problems, breathing problems, cardiac problems, and vital sign
concern
2. Nursing Diagnosis
-Goal of assessment is to make an informed decision about patients current health
status by using patients health history, database info, and physical exam findings
-compare clinical findings with abnormal and normal variation and developmental
events
-Interpret data: identify cluster of clues, make hypotheses, test them, derive diag
-Validate diagnosis and document
-Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
-Draw conclusion to identify diagnosis
3. Evidence based practice
-Systematic approach to practice that emphasized use of best evidence in combination
with the clinicians experience and patient preferences, values to make decisions
-Evidence from research and theories
-Physical examinations and assessment of patients
-Clinical expertise (based on research)
-Patient preferences and values
-Incorporates critical thinking, diagnostic, and clinical reasoning to better manage
patient care needs
4. Communication techniques
-Sending, receiving, internal and external factors
-Facilitation: general leads, minimal cues, saying mhm go on
encourages client to say more, shows interest
-Silence: without interruption, don’t fidget
communicates client has time to think, observe clients nonverbal cues
-Reflection: Repeat part of what the patient says, “you feel…”
Help express feelings behind words, helps person elaborate on problem
-Empathy: “It must be hard” or uses a sense of touch
Names a feeling and allows it expression, feel accepted, strengthen rapport
-Clarification: “Is that correct?”
Useful if word choice is ambiguous, summarize persons words to ensure
understanding
-Confrontation: “You look sad”, you said but now you said
Clarify inconsistent information, focusing clients attention
-Interpretation: “could it be…”
Links events, makes associations, inference, may be incorrect
-Explanation: You may not eat or drink..
Sharing factual and objective information
-Summary: review pertinent facts, allow time to make corrections
signals termination of interview, condenses facts
-Ten traps: providing false assurance or reassurance, giving unwanted advice, using
authority, using avoidance language, engaging in distancing, using professional jargon,
using leading or biased questions, talking too much, interrupting, asking why questions
5. Open ended verses close ended questions
-Closed or Direct: ask for specific information, short 1-2 word response, limits rapport
-Open ended: allows client to have free rein, used to get narrative information, elicits
feelings, opinions, and ideas, builds and enhances rapport, unbiased
use to introduce new section, begin interview, or whenever a new topic
,6. Barriers: language, vision, hearing
, -Health Literacy: Individuals have capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic
health information needed t o make appropriate health decisions
-overcome barriers with an interpreter
-avoid medical terminology, avoid jargon
-use pictures and handouts
-Hearing-imparied: signing, lip reading, writing
Face patient, good lighting on face, do not exaggerate lip movements or shout
Speak slowly and use hand gestures
7. Techniques for assessing older adults
-Function assessment is important, ask questions to see how ADLs affected
-Recognize positive health measures
-Takes longer, always consider developmental stages
-Aging person may shrug off symptoms as evidence of just growing older and don’t think
its worth mentioning
-Older people have chronic problems that are not mentioned
-Get history of falls, hospitalizations, last health exam, chronic illness
-Medications!!!
-Assess family history of cause of death
Nutrition
1. Who is at risk?
-Poverty has the most influence on health status
-Those with Limited English proficiency
-Kids, pregnant women, elderly, low income, hospitalized, acutely ill
Immigrants, homeless persons
2. How to get measurements on older adults or persons in wheel chairs?
-Measure arm span: correlates with height
3. How do medications effect nutrition?
-Analgesics, antacids, anticonvulssants, antibiotics, diuretics, laxatives, steroids, oral
contraception can interact with nutrients impairing their digestion, absorption,
metabolism, or use
-Vitamin/mineral supplements can have harmful side effects
4. Culturally competent care
-Effective, understandable, and respectful care in a manner compatible with culture
-Effective care: positive outcomes and satisfaction for patient
-Respectful care: consider values, preferences, and expressed needs
-Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964- services cannot be denied
-Integration of knowledge, attitudes, and skills that work together to enhance cross-
cultural communication and promote meaningful interaction
-Understand your own heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and practices
-Acquire knowledge about social backgrounds, be accepting and respectful of
differences, be familiar with resources
-Cultural sensitive, culturally appropriate, culturally competent, cultural care
-Cultural Humility: person/patient is the expert in their cultures, nonjudgemental
5. How to assess pain in relation to culture
-Pain is perceived differently; ask how they behave in pain
-use pain scale
-Get location, character or quality, quantity or severity, timing, setting, aggravating or
relieving factors, associated factors, patients perception
6. Hot and cold theory
-Biomedical Theory: illness causation, human body functions mechanically and that it
can be observed and measured
Germ Theory: bacteria and viruses cause disease
-Naturalistic Theory: American Indians, Asians; only one aspect of nature and that
nature has to be kept in balance and harmony
Yin and Yang: health is when aspects of the person in perfect balance
Yin= negative forces, cold foods
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