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NUR 211 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 211 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 4 | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 211 Exam 41. What are the most common locations of herniated disk?
Answer
C5-C6, C6-C7, L4-L5 & L5-S1
2. What is a good way of remembering the vertebra?
Answer
Bfast at 7 (cervical) Lunch at 12 (lumbar)
Dinner at 5 (sacral)
3. What are risk factors for IVDD/back pain?
Answer
-male
-tall
-30-50yr old (less flexible)
-excess weight
-regular heavy lifting / bending / twisting
-bone disorders
-degenerative disk disorders
-pregnancy
4. What are the S&S of back pain?
Answer
Lumbar
-sciatica
-compression of all or part of sciatic nerve
Unilateral pain, burning, numbness, Paresthesia from butt->foot
Cauda equina syndrome
,-compression of nerve roots
-may result in permanent nerve damage
-usually bilateral
urinary incontinence, paralysis
5. What is cauda equina syndrome?
Answer
Due to injury of lumbosacral nerve roots in spinal canal. Leads to areflexic bladder, bowel, and
lower limbs. Needs immediate surgical intervention.
6. What are the diagnostics for back pain?
Answer
-history
-physical exam
-xray
-MRI or CT
-bone scan
-nerve studies (EMG, Myelogram)
-bloodwork
7. What are pharmacological treatments for back pain?
Answer
NSAIDS
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Naproxen (Aleve) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Neuropathic pain
,Gabapentin (Neurontin) Pregabalin (Lyrica) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Muscle relaxant
(mod-severe) Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Carisoprodol (Soma) Diazepam (Valium)
Opioid
Tramadol (Ultram)
Epidural injection (corticosteroids or anesthetics)
8. What are some educational opportunities for back pain?
Answer
-good posture for sitting / standing
-PT
-appropriate exercise (back & trunk)
-healthy weight & dietary plan
-proper body mechanics
-hot (stiff) therapy
-cold (inflammation) therapy
-stress management
-massage therapy
-yoga
spine
9. What is scoliosis?
Answer
abnormal lateral / sideways curvature of the
10. What is are the breakdown of scoliosis?
, Answer
Mild (most common)
Answer
more than 10 degrees
Significant
Answer
25-35 degrees
Severe
Answer
45-50 degrees
leads to deformity & disability
11. What is the difference between nonstructural & structural scoliosis?
Answer
Non- structural
Answer
spine bends to compensate
-poor posture
-difference in leg length
-tumors
-pain adaptation
-other physical conditions corrected by alleviating the cause
Structural
Answer
More severe involving spinal deformities
12. What are some causes of scoliosis?
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