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AQA A Level Chemistry- Organic Chemistry Exam questions with 100% verified answers
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Empirical formula - ANSWER-The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound How to find the empirical formula - ANSWER-Obtain the mass of each element present in grams (Element % = mass in g = m) Determine the number of moles of each type of atom present Divi...

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  • October 19, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • aqa a level chemistry organic chemistry stuvia
  • aqa a level chemistry organic chemistry exam ques
  • empirical formula answer the simplest whole numb

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AQA A Level Chemistry- Organic
Chemistry Exam questions with 100%
verified answers

Empirical formula - ANSWER-The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each
element present in a compound



How to find the empirical formula - ANSWER-Obtain the mass of each element present
in grams

(Element % = mass in g = m)



Determine the number of moles of each type of atom present



Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles



Convert numbers to whole numbers. This is the ratio of atoms



General formula - ANSWER-The simplest algebraic formula that can describe any
member of a homologous series



Molecular formula - ANSWER-The actual number of atoms of each element in a
molecule



Structural formula - ANSWER-Uses letter symbols and bonds to show the arrangement
of atoms in a compound



Displayed formula - ANSWER-A formula showing the relative positioning of all the
atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

,Skeletal formula - ANSWER-A simplified organic formula which only shows the carbon
skeleton and functional groups



Homologous series - ANSWER-Family of chemical that differ from one another by a
repeating unit, with the same general formula and similar chemical properties



IUPAC rules of nomenclature order - ANSWER-Longest carbon chain

Unsaturation

Functional groups

Position of any functional groups



Free radical substitution - ANSWER-Conditions:

UV light

Steps:

Initiation

Propagation

Termination



Free radical - ANSWER-An uncharged molecule, typically highly reactive and short-
lived, having an unpaired electron



Nucleophile - ANSWER-A reactant that provides a pair of electrons form a new covalent
bond

Lewis base



Electrophile - ANSWER-A reactant that accepts a pair of electrons top form a new
covalent bond

Lewis acid



Substitution - ANSWER-Reaction in which one functional group is replaced by another

, Addition - ANSWER-A reaction where one molecule combines with another to form a
larger molecule

No other products



Elimination - ANSWER-A reaction in which a molecule loses atoms or groups of atoms



Nucleophilic substitution w/OH- - ANSWER-Reagent: NaOH

Conditions: aqueous, warm

What happens: Halogen atom replaced by OH group



Nucleophilic substitution w/ CN- - ANSWER-Reagent: KCN

Conditions: ethanolic, warm

What happens: Halogen atom replaced by CN group



Nucleophilic substitution w/NH3 - ANSWER-Reagent: NH3

Conditions: excess conc. ammonia dissolved in ethanol at pressure in a sealed
container

What happens: first molecule of NH3 -halogen atom replaced by NH2 group, second
molecule of NH3 -leads to formation of NH4X



Elimination of halogenoalkanes - ANSWER-Reagent: KOH

Conditions: ethanolic, hot

What happens: the halogen atom and one H atom from an adjacent C is removed to
form an alkene



Electrophilic addition w/Br2 - ANSWER-Reagent: Br2

Conditions: aqueous (like bromine water)

What happens: double bond on alkene opens and alkane is produced

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