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PBSI 209 Midterm Exam Questions with correct Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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PBSI 209 Midterm Exam Questions with correct Answers 2024/2025( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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PBSI 209 MidtermEnculturation - ANS -Process by which individuals learn and acquire the cultural norms, values,
beliefs, behaviors, and social skills of their own culture or social group
-involves the transmission of cultural knowledge from one generation to the next
Culture - ANS the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group
or population of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Prestige/success bias - ANS Learner copies the cultural trait of the most prestigious model
Reasons for cultural change - ANS -environmental changes (ex: natural disasters)
-novel challenges from new conditions (ex: internet hackers)
-demographic alterations (ex: war, disease, isolation)
-modernization
Social interaction - ANS Key factor in the formation of culture
Social Identity Theory - ANS -individuals derive a portion of their self-concept from their
membership in social groups
-tend to positively evaluate the in-group & seek to enhance one's self-esteem through affiliation
with that group
-theory is commonly employed to elucidate cognitive processes associated with prejudice, bias,
and discrimination
Social brain hypothesis - ANS -size of human brain versus other creatures
-evolving structures bringing capacities to facilitate social complexity, growing social skills and
our increased ability to act together
Info likely to survive during transmissions - ANS -folk tales or legends featuring memorable
characters or events
Theory of mind - ANS people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their
feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.
Mirror neurons - ANS Imitation, emulation, and teaching involve this
High-context culture - ANS a culture in which the meaning of the communication act is inferred
from the situation or location
, Overimitation - ANS The tendency of humans to copy all parts of a process, including irrelevant
steps, even when shortcuts are available
Social transmission - ANS -Repeated learning by new individuals from generation to generation
-phases: learning and reproduction
Reproduction - ANS The learned pattern is replicated by the new individual
Emulation - ANS -actions leading to a consequential result are reproduced, with less accurate
replication of specific motions
-happen with or without the awareness or participation of the individual providing the model
behavior
-requires a higher level or cognitive understanding and problem solving
Imitation - ANS -the learner copies the actions of the demonstrator as exactly as possible,
whether each action is relevant or not
-happen with or without the awareness or participation of the individual providing the model
behavior
Masculinity vs. Femininity (Hofstede) - ANS Theory of the relationship between gender and
work roles. In masculine cultures, sex roles are sharply differentiated and traditional "masculine
values" such as achievement and the effective exercise of power determine cultural ideals; in
feminine cultures, sex roles are less sharply distinguished, and little differentiation is made
between men and women in the same job.
Power distance (Hofstede) - ANS A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which
a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
Uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede) - ANS the degree to which societies are willing to tolerate
uncertainty and risk
-high: strictly adheres to laws
-low: greater acceptance of diverse thoughts or ideas
Individualism vs. Collectivism (Hofstede) - ANS the worth of an individual versus the worth of a
group
Cultural intelligence - ANS -ability to navigate social situations, understand cultural norms, and
learn from others
-a key role in humanity's unique achievements (ex: development of complex societies,
languages, and technologies)
-allows people to share knowledge and work together effectively
Tight culture - ANS has rigid social norms expects members to conform with them, less
tolerance for ambiguity or deviant behavior
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