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Alcohols - Organic Chemistry Exam Questions & Answers
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Alcohols - ANSWER-general formula: -ROH functional group -OH referred to as hydroxyl group nomenclature of alcohols - ANSWER-replacing -3 ending of root alkane with ending with -ol If alcohol is highest priority functional group, carbon atom attached to it receives the lowest possible nu...

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  • October 19, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • alcohols organic chemistry exam questions answ
  • alcohols organic chemistry exam stuvia
  • alcohols answer general formula roh functio

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Alcohols - Organic Chemistry Exam
Questions & Answers

Alcohols - ANSWER-general formula: -ROH



functional group -OH referred to as hydroxyl group



nomenclature of alcohols - ANSWER-replacing -3 ending of root alkane with ending with
-ol



If alcohol is highest priority functional group, carbon atom attached to it receives the
lowest possible number.



When alcohol is not highest priority group, it is named as substituent with prefix
hydroxy-



phenols - ANSWER-hydroxyl groups can be attached to aromatic rings - phenols



hydroxyl hydrogens of phenols are particularly acidic due to resonance within phenol
ring



benzene rings with two substituents - ANSWER-relative positions must be indicated.
Two groups on adjacent carbons are called ortho-. Two groups separated by a carbon
are called meta-. Two groups on opposite sides are called para



ortho - ANSWER-



meta - ANSWER-



para - ANSWER-

, physical properties of alcohols - ANSWER-capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding
--> higher melting points and boiling points than hydrocarbons



molecules with more than one hydroxyl group - ANSWER-greater degrees of hydrogen
bonding --> increased boiling points



strong acids - ANSWER-high Ka values and low pKa vlues



phenol - most acidic



hydrogen bonding - ANSWER-causes increased boiling points and melting points and
solubility in water



alkyl roups - ANSWER-donate electron density --> destabilize negative charge --> less
acidic moelcules



electron withdrawing substituents - ANSWER-increase acidity



electron donating substituents - ANSWER-decrease acididty



main reactions for alcohols - ANSWER-include oxidation, preparation of mesylates and
tosylates and protection of carbonyls by alcohol



primary alcohols - ANSWER-can be oxidized by aldehydes but only by PCC (oxidant)



With other oxidiing agents, aldehydes are rapidly hydrated to form geminal diols which
can be oxidized to carboxylic acids



geminal diols - ANSWER-

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