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Organic Chemistry - Electronic Effects Top Rated Exam Questions 2024/2025
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Inductive effects - ANSWER-The way in which electronegative atoms polarise electron density in the single bond framework of a molecule -I electron withdrawing effect - ANSWER-atoms that pull electrons away from the carbon that they are bonded to. more electronegative than carbon +I electron d...

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  • October 19, 2024
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Organic Chemistry - Electronic Effects
Top Rated Exam Questions 2024/2025

Inductive effects - ANSWER-The way in which electronegative atoms polarise electron
density in the single bond framework of a molecule



-I electron withdrawing effect - ANSWER-atoms that pull electrons away from the
carbon that they are bonded to. more electronegative than carbon



+I electron donating effect - ANSWER-carbon is pulling the electrons closer to itself as
the atom it is bonded to is less electronegative



Reactivity - ANSWER-The movement of electron density in order to break weak bonds
and form new stronger bonds. This is based on controllable and predictable electronic
effects.



Mesomeric effects - ANSWER-The movement of electron density within the double
bond/lone pair system of a molecule by resonance conjugation.



Rules of Mechanism - ANSWER-Rule 1: The electron must start from somewhere good

(negative charge > lone pair > double bond > single bond)



Rule 2: The electron flow must move towards something

(+ve charge on a C or an H+ > atom adjacent to +ve charge on a heteroatom > partially
positive charge)



Rule 3: The electron flow must end up somewhere decent



MAKE SURE TO CONSERVE THE CHARGE



Nucleophile (Nu-) - ANSWER-An electron rich species that will react with C+

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