Exam (elaborations)
KNES 237 questions with correct answers.
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- Knes
- Institution
- University Of Maryland - University College
KNES 237 questions with correct answers.
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KNES 237 questions with correct answersMineral have a _________ that allows hem to combine with...? To form
____________ compounds such as...? In body fluids, they are a source
of...? What are 3 other functions of this? Correct Answer-charge that
allows them to combine with minerals of opposite charge to form stable
compounds such as bones, teeth, cartilage, and other tissue
In body fluids, they are a source of electrical power that stimulates
muscle to contract/nerves to react
1. maintain adequate body water
2. help neutralize acid/base body fluid
3. compounds of proteins and enzymes
What are 5 sources of calcium? 99% is found in..? 1% is found in ...?
What are 5 functions of calcium? Correct Answer--sources:
milk/products, fish bones, calcium-set tofu, greens, legumes
99% in bones and teeth
1% in blood, muscle, and other fluids
Functions:
-muscle contraction
-blood clotting
-cell membrane integrity
-nerve conduction
-bone/teeth strength
,What does a high bioavailability mean? What are 2 substances that
decrease the absorption of calcium? Correct Answer-high bioavailability
is the rate at which the supplement is absorbed in the body to be used
1. phytic acid: binds to calcium to form insoluble complex, decreases
absorptiion (whole grains, nuts, legumes)
2. oxalic acid: bind to calcium, form insoluble complex that is excreted
in feces (spinach, beets, celery, pecans, peanuts, tea, cocoa)
What are 3 sources of high calcium bioavailability? What are their
absorption amounts? What products have the highest bioavailability?
Correct Answer-1. yogurt
2. skim milk
3. cheese
Absorption low: 32%, yet still considered to have high bioavailability
due to the high content of calcium in dairy. The low absorption is due to
the presence of phytic and oxalic acid which prevents absorption.
DAIRY PRODUCTS HAVE HIGHEST BIOAVAILABILITY DUE TO
HIGH CALCIUM CONTENT NOT HIGH ABSORPTION
What does the recommended amount of calcium really mean? Correct
Answer-refers to the amount of dietary calcium needed, NOT BLOOD
CALCIUM, based on food content not on how much actually gets in
blood stream
What are the 3 main types of calcium supplements? Which are best?
Correct Answer-1. purified calcium (extracted):
-carbonate is most common, best with meals
,-citrate good for elderly
-gluconate, lactate, or phosphate
2. calcium mixtures
-contain magnesium and vitamin D also
3. powdered calcium
-bonemeal, oyster shell, dolamite
SHOULD BE CAUTIOUS OF POWDERED AS IT HAS HIGH
CHANCE OF BEING CONTAMINATED (heavy metals)
________ should not be taken with calcium at the same time because...?
What insufficiencies lead to osteoporosis? When does peak bone mass
occur and when does it drop significantly? Correct Answer-iron because
they chelate together (bind together, difficult to break bond, absorption
low)
-calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D insufficiency
-peak bone mass at age 30, afterwards bone loss increases, at menopause
there is huge loss of calcium (lost estrogen that protects bone mass)
What is important for maintaining bone mass? Bone loss and which
types of bone fractures are most common in ______? Correct Answer-
need to have weight-bearing exercise early in life and throughout life to
build as much bone mass as possible and maintain it.
Bone loss and vertebrae, hip, wrist, forearm fractures most common in
women
What are different factors for osteoporosis? Correct Answer--female
, -menopause
-low calcium
-low vitamin D
-white or Asian
-thin
-smoking
-excessive alcohol
-inactivity
-genetics
What are 6 sources of iron? Where is the most stored? Where is the rest
stored? Where is iron used? Are high amounts healthy? Correct
Answer--liver, beef, prune juice, eggs, dried fruit, legumes
-most stored in hemoglobin (RBC)
-trace amounts in myoglobin (muscle cells)
-iron used for enzyme function
-high amounts are toxic
What are recommended iron levels for men and women? How many
calories must woman consume to obtain 15mg of iron? Where are heme
and non-heme iron find? Heme iron makes up _____% of daily intake
but ____% of what is absorbed Correct Answer-men: 8mg
women: 18mg
must consume 2500 calories a day to obtain 15mg of iron
heme: found in animal sources, 10% intake, 35% absorbed
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