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HESI Pediatrics Exam Questions AND Answers WITH Rationale| With Complete Solutions
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HESI Pediatrics Exam Questions AND Answers WITH Rationale| With Complete Solutions
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HESI Pediatrics Exam Questions AND Answers WITHRationale| With Complete Solutions
A 2-year-old child with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is brought
to the clinic for a routine evaluation. Which assessment finding
suggests the presence of a common complication often
experienced by those with Down syndrome?
A. Presence of a systolic murmur
B. New onset of patchy alopecia
C. Complaints of long bone pain
D. Recent projectile vomiting Correct Answer A. Presence of a
systolic murmur
Rationale:
Congenital heart disease occurs in 40% to 50% of children with
trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Defects of the atrial or ventricular
septum that create systolic murmurs are the most common heart
defects associated with this congenital anomaly.
A 3-month-old infant returns from surgery with elbow restraints
and a Logan bow over a cleft lip suture line. Which intervention
should the nurse implement to maintain suture line integrity
during the initial postoperative period?
A. Place the infant upright in an infant seat position.
B. Provide mittens with the use of elbow restraints.
C. Use soft rubber catheters for nasal suctioning. Correct
Answer A. Place the infant upright in an infant seat position.
Rationale:
The use of an infant seat simulates a supine position with the
head elevated and also prevents aspiration. Prone positioning
,should be avoided to prevent disruption of the protective Logan
bow and prevent the infant from rubbing the face on the bed
surface. Mittens are not necessary and decrease the ability to
provide sensory comfort, such as hand holding. Nasal suctioning
should be avoided to prevent trauma or dislodging clots at the
surgical site. Water-soluble lubricant will dry the suture line and
cause crusting, which predisposes the suture line to poor healing
and scarring.
A 3-month-old infant weighing 10 lb 15 oz has an axillary
temperature of 98.9° F. What caloric amount does this child
need?
a 400 calories/day
b 500 calories/day
c 600 calories/day
d 700 calories/day Correct Answer c 600 calories/day
A 3-week-old infant is referred to an orthopedic clinic because
the pediatrician heard a click when flexing the child's right hip
during a routine physical examination. The orthopedic physician
suspects that the child might have developmental dysplasia of
the hip (DDH). The parents ask the nurse to identify risk factors
commonly associated with DDH. Which response is accurate?
A. Vertex delivery
B. Male gender
C. Breech presentation
D. Second-born child Correct Answer C. Breech presentation
Rationale:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) occurs more often in
infants who present in the breech position, not the vertex (head-
, first) position. Twice as many females as males present in the
breech position; thus, 80% of children with DDH are females,
not males. Of breech presentations, 60% occur with first-born
children, not subsequent siblings, possibly because of the
unstretched uterus and compaction of the surrounding
abdominal contents, which tend to increase compression on the
uterus in the nulliparous woman.
A 4-year-old child has cystic fibrosis. Which stage of Erikson
theory of psychosocial development is the nurse addressing
when teaching inhalation therapy?
A. Autonomy
B. Industry
C. Trust
D. Initiative Correct Answer D. Initiative
Rationale:
Children 4 to 5 years of age are in the "Initiative vs. Guilt" stage
of Erikson theory of psychosocial development. They enjoy
being active and participating in role playing. "Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt" occurs at 1 to 3 years of age. "Industry vs.
Inferiority" occurs at 6 to 11 years; "Trust vs. Mistrust" occurs
from birth to 1 year of age.
A 6-month-old male infant is admitted to the postanesthesia care
unit with elbow restraints in place. He has an endotracheal tube
and is ventilator-dependent but will be extubated soon following
recovery from anesthesia. Which nursing intervention should be
included in this child's plan of care?
A. Keep restraints on at all times to prevent unplanned
extubation.
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