©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
12/3/2024 11:27AM
Nu 412 test 4 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
What are diagnostic labs you have to have to be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus? -
answer✔A1C >6.5, Fasting glucose > 126, Oral glucose tolerance test >200
what are S&S of hypoglycemia? - answer✔shaking, tachycardia, sweating, dizzy, anxious,
hungry, blurry vision, weakness, headache, irritability
what are S&S of hyperglycemia? - answer✔extreme thirst, blurry vision, drowsy, dry skin, need
to urinate often, slow healing wounds, hungry
how do you diagnose DKA? - answer✔BG >250, metabolic acidosis, positive serum ketones,
anion gap >20
what are S&S of DKA? - answer✔polyuria, N/V, anorexia, met acidosis, ketonuria, Kussmals
respirations, acetone/fruity breath, altered mental status, tachycardia
how do you treat DKA? - answer✔strict I&O, regular IV insulin, D5W or D5NS or 1/2 NS,
monitor and replace K as needed, monitor EKG
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
12/3/2024 11:27AM
what are S&S of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)? - answer✔BG >600, serum
osmolality >310, no acidosis, anion gap normal, profound dehydration, tachycardia, hypotension,
increased BUN, no ketosis, altered mental status, anorexia, polydipsia, N/V
how do you treat HHS? - answer✔fluid replacement!, insulin and electrolyte replacement as
ordered
what is the earliest clinical evidence of renal failure/nephropathy in diabetic patients? -
answer✔microalbuminuria
what are biguanides (metformin)? - answer✔decreases liver glucose production and improves
insulin action on peripheral tissue/increases insulin sensistivity; 1st line drug for diabetes, does
NOT cause hypoglycemia, do not give with contrast dye, contraindicated in renal failure
what are glitazones/TZDs (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)? - answer✔increase peripheral insulin
sensitivity, does NOT cause hypoglycemia, risk for MI, monitor LFTs, BBW for causing CHF;
treats diabetes
what are sulfonylureas (glipizide, glimepride)? - answer✔stimulates insulin secretion in patients
who have some beta cell function; cause hypoglycemia* and weight gain; caution in liver failure,
elderly, and CVD