NU 545 Unit 3 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Know which hormones are water-soluble and which are lipid-soluble - answerwater soluble:
peptides- GH, insulin, leptin, PTH, prolactin
glycoproteins- FSH, LH, TSH
polypeptides: adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADH, calcitonin, endorphins, glucagon,...
Once synthesized, oxytocin is packaged in secretory vesicles along with its neurophysin and
moved down the axons of the pituitary stalk to the pars nervosa for storage.
Release of oxytocin is mediated by what? - answer✔cholinergic and adrenergic
neurotransmitters. the major stimulus for release is glutamate.
Where is oxytocin secreted and what are its effects? - answer✔it is secreted from the posterior
pituitary. Oxytocin is responsible for the contraction of the uterus and milk ejection in lactating
women and may affect sperm motility in men. Oxytocin is released in response to suckling
(oxytocin binds to receptors on myoepithelial cells in the mammary tissue and cause contraction
causing milk expression or let down reflex) and distention of the uterus (oxytocin stimulates
contractions with a positive feedback loop).
Where is ADH secreted? - answer✔ADH is produced in the hypothalmus and secreted by the
posterior pituitary. ADH and the posterior pituitary regulate osmolality.
Where does ADH act? - answer✔ADH acts on vasopressin (V2) receptors of the renal tubular
cells to increase their permeability, which leads to increased water absorption in the blood
stream, increasing the concentration of urine and reducing serum osmolality.
what causes ADH to be secreted? - answer✔when plasma osmolality increases, the
osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus are stimulated- the rate of ADH secretion is increased
causing more water to be absorbed by the kidneys- the plasma osmolality returns to its set point
(280 mOsm/kg)
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