NU 545 Unit 1 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
What is metabolic absorption? - answerThe uptake and use of nutrients and other substances
from the cells surrounds (pg. 3).
What uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction? - answerPeroxisomes
contain enzymes to use o2 to re...
What is active transport? - answer✔requires life, biologic activity, and the cell's expenditure of
metabolic energy. Unlike passive transport, active transport occurs across only living membranes
that have to drive the flow "uphill" by coupling it to an energy source (p. 28)
What are cytokines? - answer✔Growth factor, also called cytokines, stimulate an increase in cell
mass or cell growth by promoting the synthesis of proteins and other macromolecules and
inhibiting their degradation (p. 38)
Cytokines constitute a large family of small-molecular-weight soluble intracellular-signaling
molecules that are secreted, bind to a specific cell membrane receptors, and regulate innate or
adaptive immunity; either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Majority of important
cytokines are classified as interleukins or interferons (p. 201)
Do all cells continue to replicate and divide? - answer✔No. For example, most of the neurons
and skeletal muscle cells are in a terminally differentiated G0 state; with their cell cycle control
system disassembled, the molecular regulatory switches become permanently turned off and cell
division rarely occurs (p. 37)
When normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells, the process is called? - answer✔Bronchial metaplasia (p. 49)
What is the relation between ischemia and ATP? - answer✔An anaerobic (without oxygen)
metabolic pathway can synthesize ATP. This process called substrate phosphorylation, or
anaerobic glycolysis, is linked to the breakdown (glycolysis) of carbohydrates.... The reactions in
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