Med Surg Exam Questions And Correct
Answers
A client is admitted to the hospital with atrial fibrillation. A diagnosis of mitral valve stenosis is
suspected. The nurse concludes that it is most significant if the client presents with what history?
- answer*Streptococcal infections occurring in ...
A client is admitted to the hospital with atrial fibrillation. A diagnosis of mitral valve stenosis is
suspected. The nurse concludes that it is most significant if the client presents with what history?
- answer✔*Streptococcal infections occurring in childhood* may result in damage to heart
valves, particularly the mitral valve. Group A streptococcal antigens bind to receptors on heart
cells, where an autoimmune response is triggered damaging the heart.
A client is in profound (late) hypovolemic shock. The nurse assesses the client's laboratory
values. What does the nurse know that clients in late shock develop? - answer✔Decreased
oxygen increases the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid, resulting in *metabolic acidosis*.
Hyperkalemia will occur because of renal shutdown. In late shock metabolic or respiratory
acidosis occurs. The Pco2 level will increase in profound shock.
An older client who lives alone was found unconscious on the floor at home. The client was
admitted to the hospital with the diagnoses of a fractured hip, kidney failure, and dehydration. In
the 24 hours since admission, the client received 1500 mL of intravenous fluid, and the serum
electrolyte value demonstrates hyponatremia. What would the nurse concludes was the element
that most likely contributed to the hyponatremia? - answer✔*Fluid intake*
Hemodilution has occurred because the 1500 mL of intravenous fluid has lowered the serum
sodium level.
A client develops internal bleeding after abdominal surgery. Which signs and symptoms of
hemorrhage should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? - answer✔*Pallor* occurs with
hemorrhage as the peripheral blood vessels constrict in an effort to shunt blood to the vital
organs in the center of the body. *Heart rate accelerates* in hemorrhage as the body attempts to
increase blood flow and oxygen to body tissues. *Urinary output decreases* with hemorrhage
because of a lowered glomerular filtration rate secondary to hypovolemia. *Respirations
increase* and become shallow with hemorrhage as the body attempts to take in more oxygen.
*Hypotension* occurs in response to hemorrhage as the person experiences hypovolemia.
A nurse is taking blood pressures at a health fair. Which finding should cause the nurse to advise
the client to have the blood pressure checked by a primary healthcare provider? - answer✔A
sustained diastolic pressure exceeding 90 mm Hg reflects pathology and could indicate
hypertension.
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