1. Historical Perspectives on Nursing
Answer
caregivers for the ill and injured have always been a part of history. The roles, settings, and
responsibilities, however, have changed over time.
2. Lilian Wald
Answer
Established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor of the lower east side in New
York City, the founder of public health nursing.
3. Dorthea Dix
Answer
Served as a superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the civil war, was given
the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and equipping a corps of army nurses, was a
pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill.
4. Florence Nightingale
Answer
Defined nursing as both an art and a science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created
freestanding nursing education, published books about nursing and health care, is regarded as
the founder of modern nursing.
5. Florence Nightingale contributions to nursing
Answer
Identifying personal needs of patients & role of the Nurse in meeting those needs.
Establishing standards for hospital management. Establishing a respected occupation for
women. Establishing nursing education.
Recognizing the 2 components of nursing
, health & illness. Believing that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine. Recognizing that
nutrition is important to health.
Instituting occupational and recreational therapy for sick people. Stressing the need for
continuing education for nurses.
Maintaining accurate records, recognized as the beginnings of nursing research.
6. Definition of Nursing
Answer
Originated from the Latin word nutrix (to nourish)
a person who nourish's ,fosters and protects take care of sick, injured, dying or aging individuals.
7. The International Council of Nurses ( ICN)
Answer
promoting national associations of nurses, improving standards of nursing practice, seeking a
higher status for nurses, and providing an international power base for nurses.
8. Nursing includes
Answer
Promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of ill, disabled, and dying people.
Encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and
communities, sick or well and in all settings.
Advocacy, promotion of safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in
patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.
9. Four broad aims of nursing practice in the definition of nursing
Answer
1. Promote health.
2. Prevent illness.
3. Restore health.
4. Facilitate coping with disability or death.
10. To meet the aims the nurse must use four blended competencies
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