Exam (elaborations)
NUR 201 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) GI EXAM | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
- Course
- Institution
NUR 201 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) GI EXAM | COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
[Show more]
Content preview
NUR 201 GI Exam1. What are the labs associated with CRC?
Answer
-Hgb & Hct are *decreased* due to intermittent bleeding associated with the tumor (may be the
*first indication of a tumor* in some patients)
-if spread to liver, *liver enzymes are elevated*
-FOBT (if positive = GI bleeding)
-*CEA* elevated in CRC (tumor marker - may be elevated in other benign or malignant
diseases & in smokers as well, so is *not a diagnosis*) (normal value =
*<5 ng/mL*)
---> CEA often used to evaluate treatment effectiveness & to identify recurrence (repeat every
year)
2. How should albumin 20% be administered?
Answer
for hypovolemic shock --> 1 mL/min
for normal blood volume --> 2-3 mL/min
*comes in grams, and is administered by gravity (drops/min)
3. True or False
As ascites increases, pts complain of SOB
Answer
true
4. True or False
,Esophageal varices are a life-threatening medical emergency; severe blood loss may occur and
result in shock from hypovolemia
Answer
true (anything that increases IAP or irritates the lining can increase risk for bleeding)
all patients with cirrhosis should be screened for then by *endoscopy* to detect them
*before* they bleed
*propanolol to prevent bleeding*
5. What is often the first clinical sign that a patient has liver dysfunction?
Answer
-
thrombcytopenia
6. Hepatic cell damage may lead to what common complications?
Answer
-portal hypertension
---> *ascites* & esophageal varices
--coagulation defects
-jaundice
-portal-systemic encephalopathy w/ hepatic coma
-hepatorenal syndrome
-spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
7. A patient can be prescribed Ketoralac for a maximum of
days for relief of pain associated with cholecystitis
Answer
10 days
,8. How does the aging process affect the expected findings with the *liver*?-
Answer
-liver cells *decrease in number & size* which results in a *smaller* liver
-*decreased* enzyme activity*
-*decreased* cholesterol synthesis
-*DECREASED DRUG METABOLISM* = increased risk for toxicity (monitor for adverse
effects)
9. How does the aging process affect the *large intestine*?
Answer
-*decreased* sensation to defecate (nerve impulse are dulled)
-peristalsis *decreases*
= constipation / impaction
(encourage increased fluids & high-fiber diet and encourage as much activity as tolerated)
10. How does the aging process affect the *pancreas*?
Answer
-duct changes (disten- tion/dilation)
-calcification of pancreatic vessels = *decreased lipase production*
-*decreased lipase levels* = *decreased* fat absorption & *decreased* digestion ---> steatorrhea
(fat in stools)
(encourage small, frequent feedings and assess for diarrhea)
11. What is the pathway of bile from its originating organ to the exi ting point?: -
liver --> L& R hepatic ducts --> common hepatic duct --> cystic duct fr om gallbladder
--> common bile duct --> pancreatic duct --> duodenum
(if sphincter to common bile duct is closed, it goes to gallbladder for * storage*)
12. Which labs are *elevated* with hepatitis?
, Answer
ALT, AST, CEA
13. Which labs are *elevated* with cirrhosis?Which labs are *decreased*?
Answer
*el- evated* = ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, CEA, ammonia
*serum albumin is decreased* but there is an increase in albumin in the abdominal cavity due to
*ascites* (liver dysfunction = fluid shifts to abdominal cavity)
14. Which labs are *elevated* with acute pancreatitis? Which labs are *de- creased*?
Answer
*elevated* = serum amylase, serum lipase, carbohydrate antigen
*decreased* = calcium
15. What are the 3 functions of the liver?
Answer
1. metabolism
2. storage
3. drug detoxification
16. True or False
Answer
15,000 mL/min of blood flows through the liver
Answer
true (liver is vascular AF so needs to be protected from trauma --> aka ribs)
17. If you have bleeding into the abdominal cavity, what signs might you expect to find?
Answer
-gray turner's sign
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gradexam. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82956 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now