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Cancer-Adult & Child Exam Questions with Complete Solutions

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The less differentiated a cancer cell is, the more: - Answer-Embryonic it will appear. (An undifferentiated cancer cell will appear more embryonic as it loses its mature structural features and physiologic specialization). Malignant tumors have a tendency to: - Answer-A) Grow rapidly. Cells in...

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  • October 18, 2024
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Cancer-Adult & Child Exam Questions
with Complete Solutions
The less differentiated a cancer cell is, the more: - Answer-Embryonic it will appear.
(An undifferentiated cancer cell will appear more embryonic as it loses its mature
structural features and physiologic specialization).

Malignant tumors have a tendency to: - Answer-A) Grow rapidly.
Cells in malignant tumors divide and proliferate rapidly; however, malignant tumors also
have a tendency to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize.

B) Metastasize to distant tissues.
Cells in malignant tumors often metastasize; however, malignant tumors also grow
rapidly and have a tendency to invade surrounding tissues.

C) Invade surrounding tissues.
Malignant tumors often invade surrounding tissues; however, they also grow rapidly and
have a tendency to metastasize.

D) all of the above.
Feedback: CORRECT
Cells in malignant tumors divide and proliferate rapidly. Malignant tumors also have a
tendency to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant tissues.

Which of the following cancers always arises from an initial mutation in the blood-
forming cells of the bone marrow? - Answer-Leukemia.
Leukemia always arises from an initial mutation in the blood-forming cells of the bone
marrow.

Referring to cancer, the term anaplasia means: - Answer-Loss of cellular differentiation.
(Cancer cells appear undifferentiated, or anaplastic, when compared with normal,
mature cells).

Tumor cell markers can be used to: - Answer-A) Screen individuals for cancer.
Tumor cell markers are used to screen individuals for cancer, diagnose tumor type, and
follow the clinical course of tumor development.

B) diagnose tumor type.
Tumor cell markers are used to screen individuals for cancer, diagnose tumor type, and
follow the clinical course of tumor development.

C) follow the clinical course of tumor development.
Tumor cell markers are used to screen individuals for cancer, diagnose tumor type, and
follow the clinical course of tumor development.

, D) all of the above.
Feedback: CORRECT
Tumor cell markers are used to screen individuals for cancer, diagnose tumor type, and
follow the clinical course of tumor development.

A tumor that has distant lymph node involvement but no evidence of distant metastasis
to other tissues is classified as: - Answer-Stage III.
(Stage III tumors have evidence of regional lymph node spread but no distant
metastasis).

A proto-oncogene is best defined as: - Answer-A normal gene.
(A proto-oncogene normally codes for proteins such as growth factors and growth factor
receptors. A normal proto-oncogene does not cause cancer).

Immortality in cancer cells is obtained through the production of: - Answer-Telomerase.
(The telomere in normal cells caps the end of each chromosome and prevents unlimited
cell division. Cancer cells, like embryonic cells, produce an enzyme called telomerase
that helps maintain the telomere and allows the cell to achieve immortality).

The normal function of tumor suppressor genes in an individual without cancer is to: -
Answer-Prevent cancer-causing mutations.
(Tumor suppressor genes control the production of antigrowth signals but cannot
prevent cancer-causing mutations from occurring. Mutations of tumor suppressor genes
can lead to cancer).

Which of the following genetic events is capable of activating oncogenes? - Answer-
Amplification
(Since the growth promoting effect of oncogenes must involve overexpression of the
gene, amplification is a genetic event that can activate an oncogene).

Which of the following factors plays a role in the development of cancer from viral and
bacterial infections? - Answer-A) Inflammatory chemicals cause damage to DNA.
All three of these factors play a role in the development of cancer from viral and
bacterial-induced inflammation.

B) Growth factors are released during the resulting inflammation.
All three of these factors play a role in the development of cancer from viral and
bacterial-induced inflammation.

C) Cells divide more frequently to replace damaged tissue.
All three of these factors play a role in the development of cancer from viral and
bacterial-induced inflammation.

D) All of the above factors play a role.
Feedback: CORRECT

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