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NR565 wk 7-8 Final Exam Study Guide BEST EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST GRADED A+ ||Verified To Pass ||
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NR565 wk 7-8 Final Exam Study GuideBEST EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST
GRADED A+
NR 565 Exam Final Study Guide
v v v v v
➢ Antacids: weak bases that react with hydrochloric acid to form salt & water.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
o Used in the treatment of Hyperacidity, GERD, PUD, hyperphosphatemia, and calcium
v v v v v v v v v v
deficiency
v
o Contain combinations of v v
▪ metallic cation (aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and sodium)
v v v v v v
▪ and basic anion (hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, citrate, and trisilicate)
v v v v v v v v
➢ Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacotherapeutics v v
o Neutralize Gastric Acidity (causes ^pH of the stomach and duodenal bulb)
v v v v v v v v v v
o Inhibit proteolytic activity of pepsin
v v v v
o Increase lower esophageal sphincter tone
v v v v
o Acid-neutralizing capacity ANC varies between products expressed in mEqs v v v v v v v v
o If ingested in a fasting state, antacids reduce acidity for approximately 20 to 40 minutes
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
o If taken 1 hr after a meal, acidity is reduced for 2 to 3 hrs
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
o A second dose taken after a meal maintains reduced acidity for more than 4 hrs after the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
meal
v
o The action of antacids occurs locally in the GI tract with minimal absorption, minimal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
metabolism
v
o ALL antacids are contraindicated in the presence of severe abdominal pain of
v v v v v v v v v v v
, unknown cause, especially ifaccompanied by fever
v v v v v v v
-HIGH SODIUM content: pts w/ HTN, CHF, marked renal failure, or on low-sodium diets
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
need to use low sodiumpreparation
v v v v v v
-Concurrent administration with enteric-coated drugs, destroys the coating= alters
v v v v v v v v
absorption, ^ the risk foradverse effects
v v v v v v v
-Administrations should be separated by at least 2 hours to decrease drug/drug interactions
v v v v v v v v v v v v
1. Calcium based antacids: TUMS, Caltrate, Calcarb
v v v v v
• Prescribed to treat calcium deficient states, i.e. chronic renal failure, post-menopause,
v v v v v v v v v v
and osteoporosis
v v
• Used to bind phosphates in CRF
v v v v v
• Require Vitamin D for absorption from the GI tract
v v v v v v v v
• Excreted mainly in feces, 20% in urine v v v v v v
• ADR: Contraindicated in the presence of hypercalcemia and renal calculi
v v v v v v v v v
• Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
v v v v v v v v v
• Administered 30min- 1hr on empty stomach or 3hr after meals v v v v v v v v v
• Should not be administered with food containing large amounts of oxalic acid
v v v v v v v v v v v
(spinach, rhubarb), orphytic acid (bran, cereals), they decrease the absorption
v v v v v v v v v v v
v of calcium
v
• Taking w/ foods containing phosphorus (milk, dairy) can lead to milk-alkali
v v v v v v v v v v
syndrome (N/V, confusion,headache).
v v v v
• Taking with acidic fruit juice improve absorption
v v v v v v
2. Aluminum based: AlternaGEL, Amphojel, Mylanta
v v v v
• Inhibit smooth muscle contraction and slow gastric emptying
v v v v v v v
• Used to bind phosphates in CRF
v v v v v
Aluminum dialysis b/cit is bound to albumin & transferrin = do not cross dialysis membrane
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
is not easily
v v v
removed by v
,• Not alacia
absorba
v o Aluminum deposits in bone and osteomalacia occurs
v v v v v v
ble with v • Elevated aluminum tissue levels contribute to the development of dialysis
v v v v v v v v v
routine
v encephalopathy
v
use
v • Used to treat hyperphosphatemia in pts w/ renal failure & phosphate renal stone
v v v v v v v v v v v v
• Aluminu prevention
v
m • Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
v v v v v v v v v
concent
v
rated in v
the CNS
v v
• Bind
with
v
phospha
v
te and v
excrete
v
d inv
feces
v
• Prolong
ed use in v v
patients
v
with
v
renal
v
failure
v
may
v
result in
v v
dialysis
v
osteom
v
, 3. Magnesium based: Milk of mag, Maalox, Mylanta
v v v v v v
• Can be used to treat magnesium deficiencies from malnutrition, alcoholism, or mag-
v v v v v v v v v v v
depleting drugs v
• Contraindicated in patients with renal failure & used with caution in pts with renal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
insufficiency
v
The • Not absorbable with routine use
v v v v
v malfuncti • Excreted in the urine v v v
oning • Contraindicated in patients with renal failure, use with caution for patients with
v v v v v v v v v v v
kidney any degree of renalinsufficiency
v v v v v
v cannot o Malfunctioning kidney is unable to excrete magnesium and hypermagnesemia ma v v v v v v v v v
v excrete result
v
v magnesiu • Can cause diarrhea- increase fiber intake (Alkalosis may occur in renal impairment)
v v v v v v v v v v v
m=
Clinical Use and Dosing
v v v
vhypermag
nesemia
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