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AP European History Important Events and Terms Questions and Answers 2024
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AP European History Important Events and Terms
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AP European History Important Eventsand Terms
Bubonic Plague - answer Black Death. 1340s. 40% of population dead. Aftermath led to
a golden age for workers because of a labor shortage, they could demand more and
escape boundaries.
14th Century - answer Famine, Black Death, 100 Years War, Peasant Revolts.
Great Famine - answer1315-1322. Little Ice Age. Food Shortage. Speculators sold
black market food. Government price controls unsuccessful.
Great Schism - answer1388. Roman and French Pope, claimed was rightful and
excommunicated other. Wasn't resolved until 1417.
100 Years War - answer1337-1453. On and off. England vs. France. New weapons:
pike, English longbow. Decline of Feudalism
Battle of Crechy - answer1346. Marked the first major battle of the Hundred Years' War.
French cavalry cut down by a group of archers congregated on a hill
Battle of Agincourt - answer1415. Second major battle and French defeat in the
Hundred Years' War, French cavalry dismounted once the first volley of arrows had
descended from Henry V's army
Joan of Arc - answer1412-1431. French Peasant/Mystic. National Hero. Turning Point of
100 Years War. Heretic and Saint. English took her prisoner and tried and convicted her
of heresy in order to eliminate her as a military threat. She was burned at the stake in
1431
English Peasants Revolt - answer1381. Wat Tyler was leader and murdered by London
Mayor. Unsuccessful but led to decline of serfdom in England. Against monarchy's
imposed taxes upon peasant population.
Renaissance - answerFrench for rebirth. Origins in Italy 14th century.
High Renaissance - answer1450-1527. Art flourished most during this period.
Renaissance Values - answerHumanism, Individualism, Secularism. Spread by
commerce and invention.
,Humanism - answerThe study of humanity. Coined by Cicero to describe the education
of a cultivated human being. Studied prominent works of Greek, Roman, and Biblical
literature. Emphasis on original languages. Classical literature seen as a means to an
end
St Basil the Great - answer333-379. Bishop and Theologian. Address to Young Men on
the Right Use of Greek literature.
St Thomas Aquinas - answer1225-1274. Attempt to reconcile Aristotle's philosophy with
Christian teaching.
Petrarch - answer1304-1374. Father of Humanism. The first tourist. Recovered
crumbling Latin texts, including some of Cicero's works. Dark Ages.
Fall of Constantinople - answer1453. Turks close Christian universities. Greek scholars
flee to Italy with Ancient texts. Plato's complete works translated into Latin for the first
time.
Lorenzo Valla - answer"Discourse on the Forgery of the alleged Donation of
Constantine"
Pico della Mirandola - answer1463-1494. Oration on the Dignity of Man. Manifesto of
the Renaissance. 900 Theses. Syncretism
Syncretism - answerCombining many different religions or cultures together.
Secularism - answerWhile humanists were devout Christians, they studied the classics
for own enjoyment and edification. Doesn't imply an anti-religious mindset.
Canzoniere - answerCollection of Petrarch's vernacular poetry. Mostly Sonnets
addressed to "Laura."
Machiavelli - answer"The Prince." Advice to rulers. The ends justify the means.
Baldassare Castiglione - answerThe Book of the Courtier. Guide on how to be a
respectable and respected gentleman or lady.
Usury - answerLending money with interest. Prohibited by Roman Catholic Church
during Middle Ages. Limited investment.
Medici Family - answerProminent in Florence, Italy. Medici Bank. Patrons of the Arts.
Printing Press - answer1454. Gutenberg experiments with movable type. Gutenberg
Bible, 1456, about 180 copies produced. Information could now spread quicker than
ever before and for much cheaper.
, Raphael - answerSchool of Athens. 1511. Painted many females
Renaissance Art - answerVivid, Bright Colors. Perspective, depth, realism. Balance.
Classical themes. Greek, Roman, and Biblical figures predominate.
Donatello - answerSculptor. David
Masaccio - answerThe Tribute Money
Leonardo da Vinci - answerMona Lisa, Last Supper, Virtuvian Man
Michelangelo - answerPieta. Another David. Moses (Comissioned by Pope Julius II, a
big art patron.) Creation of Adam, Last Judgement. The Conversion of Saul
Renaissance Architecture - answerClassical. Symmetry, proportion, domes, columns.
Northern Renaissance - answerMore Christian than Italian Renaissance. Advocated
broad social reform based on Christian Principles.
Sir/St. Thomas More - answerHenry VIII's Chancellor. Author of Utopia. Classical
scholar, Catholic martyr.
Erasmus - answerDutch Humanist. The Praise of Folly, critic of Church but still Catholic.
Greek New Testament, advocated vernacular translation
War of Roses - answerWar between the York and Lancaster houses for control of the
English crown. The white rose symbolized the York House and the red rose symbolized
the Lancaster House. By 1485, Henry Tudor of Lancaster defeated King Richard III of
York. Tudor set up a strong monarchy in England.
House of Tudor - answerEstablished peace. Treaty with France. Replenished Treasury.
Secret trials, checked noble power. Permanent Navy.
Ferdinand and Isabella - answerCatholic Monarchs. 1492. Reconquista, conquered
Muslim held Granada. Expulsion of Jews and Muslims, convert of leave, conversos/new
Christians. Sponsored Columbus' Voyage. Spanish Inquisition, Church/State
Partnership
Late Medieval Trade Routes - answerHansa in north, Vetetian in Mediterranean,
Genoese around Spain and France and Mediterranean.
Medieval Technological Advancements - answerCartography, Mercator projection.
Magnetic Compass, astrolabe, cross staff, all to measure latitude.
Caravel - answerLight and maneuverable ships that could sail into the wind.
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