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AP European History First Semester Exam Review Questions and Answers Rated A+
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AP European History First Semester Exam Review
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AP European History First SemesterExam Review
1. Babylonian Captivity - answer This was the period in which the Papacy was centered
in Avignon, not Rome. (1309-1378) The seven Popes resided here and were heavily
influenced by the French crown.
2. Mercantilism - answerIt created an entirely new class between the nobles and the
peasants.
3. Thirty Years' War - answerDuring the Bohemian Period, methods of Protestant
retaliation escalated to things such as Protestant nobility throwing Ferdinand's regents
out the palace windows after Ferdinand revoked Protestant freedoms.
What had begun as a simple revolt against a king had become an all out international
war, with Spain sending troops to Ferdinand.
During the Danish Period, Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution. This made it so
that Calvinism was illegal and that all Lutheran church lands acquired after 1552 be
returned.
During the Swedish Period, Gustavus Adolphus II became the leader of the Protestant
forces within his empire, using a new way of mobility in warfare to achieve
"overwhelming Swedish victories."
With the France and the Netherlands refusing to settle and join an agreement with the
German Protestant States and Ferdinand, the war plunged into its final and most
devastating period.
During the Swedish-French Period, the French, Spanish, and Swedish looted all
throughout Germany.
By 1644, an estimated 1/3 of the German population had been killed.
4. Continental System - answerForeign policy of Napoleon's against England. Tried to
have the rest of continental Europe stop trading with England so that their supplies
would be limited and defeated.
5. Ulrich Zwingli - answerA humanist and the leader of the Swiss Reformation. He was a
Protestant reformer, but his ideals differed from Martin Luther's.
6. Rococo - answerA style of art that flourished from 1715-1774. Centered in France,
associated with Louis XV. Backlash to the darkness of the Baroque period. Light,
elaborate decorative style. Portrays the carefree life of the aristocracy. Landscapes
(fairy tales). Ornate and fuzzy. Complex compositions.
7. Johannes Kepler - answerGerman mathematician, astronomer and astrologer.
, A firm believer of the heliocentric theory (influenced by Renaissance Nationalism that
held the sun in a special place).
Abandoned circular components of Copernicus model, especially epicycles.
Created first model to depict path of planets. • He was the apprentice of Brahe
He applied Brahe's data to Copernican thought
The laws of planetary motion are based on mathematical formulas
8. Enlightened Absolutism - answerMonarchs supported Enlightenment for their own
selfish benefits.
9. "Old Regime" - answerEverything that happened before the French Revolution.
Tradition, hierarchy, and privilege were main feature of life in the Old Regime.
10. Council of Trent - answerConsidered to be one of the Church's most important
councils in the 16th century.
11. Rene' Descartes - answerDiscourse of Method
Strong supporter of deductive reasoning
Analytical geometry
"I think, therefore I am."
Works banned by the church
12. German Peasant Revolts (1524-1525) - answerIn the southwest: "During the 1524
harvest, in Stühlingen, south of the Black Forest, the Countess of Lupfen ordered serfs
to collect snail shells for use as thread spools. This was the final straw in a series of
difficult harvests, and within days, 1,200 peasants had gathered, created a list of
grievances, elected officers, and raised a banner. The disturbance spread quickly, and
within a few weeks, most of southwestern Germany was in open revolt. The uprising
stretched from the Black Forest, along the Rhine, to Lake Constance, into the Swabian
highlands, along the upper Danube River, and into Bavaria."
13. Estates General - answerLegislative of the different classes. 1st Estate: Clergy. 2nd
Estate: Nobility. 3rd Estate: Everyone else. (including those who were rich with no title)
14. Witch Hunts - answerMostly targeted old and widowed women. Thought women
were susceptible to the Devil.
15. Spanish Armada (1588) - answerThe Spanish Armada of 1588 was basically the
fleet sent to invade England. However, England defeated them (under the rule of
Elizabeth I)
16. The Hundred Years' War - answerThe Hundred Years' War was caused by various
conflicting factors of England and France. The Hundred Years' War was a struggle for
national identity, as well as for control of territory. Edward III, originally started the war
when he tried to assume the throne when the French people were going to put Charles
IV's cousin Philip VI of Valois up instead.
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