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GENETICS 133 UW Madison Exam 1 and exam 2 study review (key concept) University of Wisconsin, Madison $11.99   Add to cart

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GENETICS 133 UW Madison Exam 1 and exam 2 study review (key concept) University of Wisconsin, Madison

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GENETICS 133 UW Madison Exam 1 and exam 2 study review (key concept) University of Wisconsin, Madison

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  • October 18, 2024
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GENETICS 133 UW Madison Exam 1 and
exam 2 study review (key concept)
University of Wisconsin, Madison


Allele - - One of multiple different forms of a gene / segment of DNA



Allele frequency - - Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the
number of alleles in that pool for the same gene



Ancestry Informative Markers - - DNA sequence polymorphisms (usually SNPs) whose allele
frequencies are significantly different in populations from different geographical regions of the
world



Gene - - A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to
determine some characteristic of the offspring



Phenotype - - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits



Genotype - - An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations



Genotyping - - The process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an
individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it
to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence

, GINA (Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act) - - Act that prohibits discrimination on the
basis of someone's genetic information or the genetic information of his or her family



Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) - - Genetic testing on embryos for genes that cause
untreatable or severe diseases later in life



Sequencing - - Determining the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule



Nucleotide - - A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a
nitrogenous base and a phosphate group



Sugar-phosphate backbone - - The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA
and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached



Nitrogenous base - - A molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes genetic information in
cells



Gene cloning - - Making copies of segments of DNA



Reproductive cloning - - Using a somatic cell from a multicellular organism to make one or more
genetically identical individuals



Therapeutic cloning - - Cloning method that removes stem cells in order to differentiate to
specific cell types



Somatic cell - - Vast majority of cells. They are diploid and divide by mitosis

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