Test Bank for Prescott's Microbiology, 12th Edition
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Prescott\\\'s Microbiology, 12th Edition
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Prescott\\\'s Microbiology, 12th Edition
Test Bank for Prescott's Microbiology, 12th Edition
Test Bank for Prescott's Microbiology, 12th Edition
Test Bank for Prescott's Microbiology, 12th Edition
Test Bank for Prescott's Microbiology,
12th Edition
Archaea - ANS Cellular organisms that have unique cell membrane lipids.
Extant microorganisms - ANS Organisms from the fossil record that are no longer present on Earth
today.
Domains - ANS All cellular organisms can be placed into one of three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and
the Eukarya.
Viruses - ANS Not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not classified as living
organisms.
Microbiologists - ANS Study a variety of organisms, but not all are considered either Bacteria or Archaea.
Eukaryotes - ANS All have a membrane-delimited nucleus.
Viruses in biological classification - ANS Do not constitute the fourth domain of life.
Protists - ANS Contain all forms of life except fungi.
Cells with complex morphology - ANS Called eukaryotes, which have a true membrane-delimited
nucleus.
Cells with simple morphology - ANS Called prokaryotes, which do not have a true membrane-delimited
nucleus.
,Ribosomal RNA studies - ANS Led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the Bacteria and the
Archaea, begun by Woese.
Proteins in modern cells - ANS Function as both catalysts and structural elements.
Microbiology - ANS The study of microorganisms.
Nitrogen fixation - ANS The process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere
into ammonia.
Methane production - ANS The process by which certain microorganisms produce methane as a
metabolic byproduct.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis - ANS Photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen, typically performed by
certain bacteria.
Central dogma - ANS The framework describing the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to
protein.
Microbial fossils - ANS Fossils that provide evidence of ancient microbial life, dated from approximately
4.5 million years ago.
Phylogenetic trees - ANS Diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships among various biological
species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
Causative link - ANS A connection established between a specific microorganism and a particular
disease.
Spontaneous generation - ANS The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material.
, Germ theory - ANS The theory that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases.
Endospores - ANS A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells.
Antiseptic surgery - ANS Surgical procedures that minimize the risk of infection by using antiseptics.
Humoral immunity - ANS The aspect of immunity that is mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.
Koch's postulates - ANS A series of criteria used to establish a causative link between a microorganism
and a disease.
Microscopy - ANS The use of microscopes to view small objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Cell theory - ANS The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells arise from pre-
existing cells.
Biogenesis - ANS The principle that living organisms are produced only by other living organisms.
Antitoxins - ANS Antibodies that neutralize toxins.
Cell-mediated immunity - ANS An immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather the
activation of phagocytes and T-cells.
Antibiotic immunity - ANS Resistance to the effects of antibiotics.
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