Exam (elaborations)
PN3006 MIDTERM FINAL REVIEW EXAM
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PN3006 MIDTERM FINAL REVIEW EXAM...
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inflammation of the vein's inner lining (tunica intima); pain, oedema,erythema, INCREASED SKIN TEMP, streaking; causes can be
mechanical or chemical - ANSWER phlebitis
inflammation that causes a blood clot to form; s&s=DECREASED FLOW
RATE, bruising; complications=pulmonary embolism, stroke - ANSWER
thrombophlebitis
IV fluids enter the surrounding space around the venipuncture site;
s&s=swelling, pallor, COOLNESS fluid at site; tx=d/c IV and insert new
catheter into alternate extremity - ANSWER infiltration
same as infiltration except with CHEMOTHERAPY agents - ANSWER
extravasation
air bubble in vien; s&s=SOB, coughing, shoulder/neck pain, agitation,
hypotension, increased heart rate, jugular vein distension - ANSWER air
embolism
fluid overload; excess fluid accumulation in lungs due to increased fluid
in circulatory system; s&s=decreased O2 sat, increased resp rate,
crackles at lung base, pinky frothy sputum - ANSWER pulmonary edema
systemic infection caused by pathogens introduced to bloodstream
through puncture site; can lead to sepsis/bacteremia - ANSWER CR-BSI
local infection at IV site; 2-3 days after IV site started - ANSWER
infection
low sodium; causes - dehydration, hypertonic solution - ANSWER
hyponatremia
, rx to IV device; anaphylaxis - ANSWER allergic reaction during IV
administration
increased fluid in blood; s&s=pulmonary edema, resp issues (dyspenea);
nursing interventions=lung assessment, vs, electrolyte balance, monitor
output - ANSWER hypervolemia
grade 0-4; 1=edema<2.5cm, 2=edema 2.5-15cm, 3=gross edema 2.5-
15cm, 4=deep pitting edema with severe pain - ANSWER infiltration
scale
0-4; 1=erythema, 2=pain with erythema, 3=pain, erythema, streaks,
4=purulent drainage - ANSWER phlebitis scale
1. infiltration 2. tube occlusion 3. vein spasms (chilled fluids?) 4. height
of drip chamber (>3ft) 5. position of cannula (flexion?) 6. patient (moving,
touching) - ANSWER 6 factors that affect flow rate
q72 hrs for primary tubing with hyper/hypo/iso solution (or when insertion
site is changed), q24 hrs for secondary tubing, q24 hrs for infusions of
TPN, q4 hrs for blood products - ANSWER when to change IV tubing
acute hemolytic, febrile, mild allergic, anaphylactic, circulatory overload,
sepsis - ANSWER 6 transfusion reactions
incompatible blood products - ANSWER cause of acute hemolytic
reaction
incompatible WBC/plasma/plasma protein - ANSWER cause of febrile
transfusion reaction
sensitivity to plasma protein - ANSWER cause of allergic transfusion
reaction
incompatible IgA - ANSWER cause of anaphylactic transfusion reaction
fluid administered to fast - ANSWER cause of circulatory overload
transfusion reaction
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